Spatial planning of commercial allocation in Haidian District in Beijing based on spatial interactive models
基于空间相互作用模型的商业布局——以北京市海淀区为例

In recent years, the interaction between commercial development and population growth is a new active research area in human geography. This paper basically reviews the theories in the study on the spatial structure of urban commercial activities and discusses the several quantitative methods in commercial spatial analysis. However, the GIS and many other important spatial models have not been used very well in such a research. Based on the retrospection of domestic research concerned, the paper gives a detailed discussion on the analytical framework of the application of spatial interactive models in geographic distribution patterns between population and commerce in Haidian District of Beijing. As a matter of fact, the spatial interactive models including potential model and Lashmanan-Hansen model are successful analytical tools in transportation planning as well as urban and regional research, but these traditional models are seldom used in commercial spatial allocation and planning. In this paper, the calculation of population potential and the retailing probability (Lashmanan-Hansen model) in different areas in Haidian District generates two different spectrums. This kind of spatial spectrums are a significantly important way for better observing the spatial consistency between population distribution and commercial distribution. Therefore, the commercial spatial planning decision can be made according to the consistency and population growth forecast. This paper indicates that, since the 1980s, both population and commercial growth in Haidian District has been dramatically rapid than before. However, the quantitative analysis shows that there is little consistency between the development of population distribution and commercial distribution in Haidian District, which is the biggest administrative area in Beijing. The fact is that the commercial growth always lags behind population growth. In 2001, we can divide the commercial centers into four grades. Based on the results of population growth forecast and the spatial consistency, the commercial allocation for different areas in Haidian District has been calculated for spatial planning in the future.