The relationship between human being and geographical environment reflected by the evolution of stoneware excavated in Neolithic sites in the middle reaches of Huaihe River: The case of Shuangdun and Yuchisi sites
淮河中游新石器时代遗址出土石器的演变所反映的人地关系——以双墩和尉迟寺遗址为例

The stoneware excavated not only represent the Neolithic productive level but also indicate a relation between mankind and environment.Nevertheless,we did not give enough attention to them before.Because of the above reason,we discuss the relationship between human and environment from evolvement of stoneware excavated through the unearthed stoneware of the early Neolithic sites in Shuangdun and Yuchisi of the middle-reaches of the Huaihe River,supplemented with evidence of other relics,environmental magnetism and element geochemistry from the archaeological profiles as well.We found if the degree of productive contents would be reflected according to the quantity and the functional combination of stone implements,the order of Shuangdun Site in the early Neolithic age would be tree felling,hunting,cereal grinding,wooden tools processing and grain production,whereas,those of Yuchisi Site were grain production,hunting,wooden tools processing,tools grinding and tree felling.The unearthed stoneware shown that ancient people of Shuangdun Site used sling and other manifold hunting quomodo and got abundant meat during the Holocene Optimum.During the Yuchisi period,hunting level improved,but abrupt climate change and population boom led to the decrease of take.Seen from the wooden implements that the felled trees,during Shuangdun period,were rather small and combined in bundles,and people at that time knew little about the advantage of Maosun structure and built the sheds with sharpened roof.While during the Yuchisi period,the felled trees were relatively bulky and were used for buildings in Maosun structure.It is in the period that ancient people had more negative effects on the natural environment in the middle reaches of the Huaihe River.As far as the production instruments of agriculture were concerned,during Shuandun period,paddy planting appeared,but collection agriculture still occupied a greater proportion.Nevertheless,agriculture during the Yuchisi period was mainly planting complemented with collection agriculture when the unearthed stone implements were obviously related to types of farming and environmental evolution.