Vertical Transport of CO, NO, NOx, and O3 by Tropical Deep Convective Clouds
热带深对流云对CO、NO、NOx和O3的垂直输送作用

The concentrations of CO, O3, NO, and NOx within and outside of anvils and their vertical transport in tropical deep convective clouds are analyzed based on aircraft measurements obtained during the ACTIVE (Aerosol and Chemical Transport in tropIcal conVEction) field campaign in Darwin region, Australia, from November 2005 to February 2006, and combined with the back trajectory calculated with NOAA HYSPLIT model. The results show that in single-cell convective clouds, the concentrations of O3, NO and NOx are higher inside anvils than outside, while for CO, this is true only when concentration of CO near the Earth's surface is high, otherwise, the concentration is lower inside anvils than outside. From a further analysis of the possible mechanisms behind these phenomena it is found that the gases are transported and are entrained to the anvil altitudes in the top layers of convective clouds. For O3, NO, and NOx, apart from transport by the deep convective clouds, other mechanisms, such as lightning, which leads to the variation of O3, NO, and NOx chemically, may be responsible for the measured results in the anvil region, that is, all these newly formed gases will be delivered to the upper layers in the convective cores upon formation.