We have studied the dynamic scanning of liquid-crystalline(LC) poly( p-phenyleneterephthalamide) sulfuric acid (PPTA-H 2SO 4) solution, and its blend with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), by using a flat plate rotational rheometer. The effects of weight concentration and molecular weight of PPTA, as well as operating temperature, on dynamic viscoelasticity of the PPTA-H 2SO 4 LCsolution system are discussed. The transition from a biphasic system to a single-phase LC occurs in the weight concentration range of SWNTs from 0.1% to 0.2%, in which complex viscosity reaches the maximum at 0.2 wt% and the minimum at 0.1 wt%, respectively, of SWNTs. With increasing SWNT weight concentration, the endothermic peak temperature increases from 73.6 to 79.9 °C. The PPTA/SWNT/H 2SO 4 solution is in its plateau zone and storage modulus ( G′) is a dominant factor within the frequency ( ω) range of 0.1–10 rad/s. As w increases, the G′ rises slightly, in direct proportion to the w. The loss modulus ( G′′) does not rise as a function of ω when ω < 1 s ?1, then when ω > 1 s ?1 G′′ increases faster than G′, yet not in any proportion to the ω.
References
[1]
Friedel, G. Mesomorphic states of matter. Ann. Phys 1922, 18, 273–474.
[2]
Yang, HH. Aromatic High-Strength Fibers, 1st ed ed.; Wiley-VCH: New York, NY, USA, 1989; pp. 207–289.
[3]
Zhou, M; Frydman, V; Frydman, L. On the Molecular organization of PPTA in sulfuric acid: an NMR study. J. Phys. Chem 1996, 100, 19280–19288.
[4]
Kiyo-Oglu, VN; Rozhdestvenskaya, TA; Serova, LD. Rheological properties of liquid-crystalline solutions of poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) and behavior of the jet in spinning through an air space. Fibre Chem 1997, 29, 81–86.
[5]
Picken, SJ; Zwaag, SV; Northolt, MG. Molecular and macroscopic orientational order in aramid solutions: a model to explain the influence of some spinning parameters on the modulus of aramid yarns. Polymer 1992, 33, 2998–3006.
Baird, DG; Ballman, RL. Comparison of the rheological properties of concentrated solutions of a rodlike and a flexible chain polyamide. J. Rheol 1979, 23, 505–524.
Treact, MMJ; Ebbesen, TW; Gibson, JM. Exceptionally high Young’s modulus observed for individual carbon nanotubes. Nature 1996, 381, 678–680.
[16]
Lee, HK; Pejanovic, S; Mondragon, I; Mijovic, J. Dynamics of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)/polyisoprene (PI) nanocomposites in electric and mechanical fields. Polymer 2007, 48, 7345–7355.
[17]
Kinloch, IA; Roberts, SA; Windle, AH. A rheological study of concentrated aqueous nanotube dispersions. Polymer 2002, 43, 7483–7491.
[18]
Andrews, R; Jacques, D; Rao, AM; Rantell, T; Derbyshire, F. Nanotube composite carbon fibers. Appl. Phys. Lett 1999, 75, 1329–1331.
Arpin, M; Strazielle, C. Conformation de polyamides aromatiques en solution diluée dans l’acide sulfurique concentré. 1. étude par viscosité et diffusion de la lumière. Makromol. Chem 1976, 177, 581–584.
[26]
Ramesh, S; Ericson, LM; Davis, VA; Saini, RK; Kittrell, C; Pasquali, M; Billups, WE; Adams, WW; Hauge, RH; Smalley, RE. Dissolution of pristine single walled carbon nanotubes in superacids by direct protonation. J. Phys. Chem. B 2004, 108, 8794–8798.
[27]
Rommel, H; Forster, G. Topology of the ternary phase system poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide)-sulfuric acid-water. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 4570–4576.
[28]
Picken, SJ. Orientational order in aramid solutions determined by diamagnetic susceptibility and birefringence measurements. Macromolecules 1990, 23, 464–470.
[29]
Li, L; Li, CY; Ni, C; Rong, L; Hsiao, B. Structure and crystallization behavior of Nylon 66/multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites at low carbon nanotube contents. Polymer 2007, 48, 3452–3460.
[30]
Vlasveld, DPN; Fischer, HR; Swierenga, E; Picken, SJ. Interaction of SWCNT and PPTA with sulfuric acid—compatibilization of two materials in a common solvent. J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys 2008, 46, 1914–1922.
[31]
Ferry, JD. Viscoelastic Properties of Polymers, 3rd ed ed.; Wiley-VCH: New York, NY, USA, 1980.
[32]
Piau, JM; Agassant, JF. Rheology for Polymer Melt Processing, 1st ed ed.; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherland, 1996.
[33]
Hsieh, T; Tiu, C; Simon, GP. Rheology and miscibility of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer blends. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech 1999, 86, 15–35.
[34]
Kim, JY; Han, SI; Hong, S. Effect of modified carbon nanotube on the properties of aromatic polyester nanocomposites. Polymer 2008, 49, 3335–3345.
[35]
Chiang, IW; Brinson, BE; Huang, AY; Willis, PA; Bronikowski, MJ; Margrave, JL; Smalley, RE; Hauge, RH. Purification and characterization of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) obtained from the gas-phase decomposition of CO (HiPco Process). J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105, 8297–8301.
[36]
Morgan, PW. Synthesis and properties of aromatic and extended chain polyamides. Macromolecules 1977, 10, 1381–1390.
[37]
Kwolek, SL; Morgan, PW; Schaefgen, JR; Gulrich, LW. Synthesis, anisotropic solutions, and fibers of poly(1,4-benzamide). Macromolecules 1977, 10, 1390–1396.
[38]
Frey, MW; Cuculo, JA; Khan, SA. Rheology and gelation of cellulose/ammonia/ammonium thiocyanate solutions. J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys 1996, 34, 2375–2381.
[39]
Kim, SO; Shin, WJ; Cho, H; Kim, BC; Chung, IJ. Rheological investigation on the anisotropic phase of cellulose–MMNO/H2O solution system. Polymer 1999, 40, 6443–6450.