Dyes are known to be a causative agent of occupational asthma in workers exposed to them. We have evaluated respiratory symptoms among textile workers. The study population comprised 106 exposed workers and a control (unexposed) group. Data were collected by a questionnaire. PFTs (Pulmonary Function Test) were performed. Among the exposed workers 36.8% defined phlegm. Respiratory symptoms were not significantly different between two groups. The employment duration of the exposed workers with phlegm was longer than those without phlegm ( p = 0.027). The mean % predicted of FEF 25–75 of the exposed workers was found to be significantly lower than the control (unexposed) group ( p = 0.01). Our study suggests that textile dyeing might cause respiratory symptoms in workers.
References
[1]
Park, H.W.; Kim, D.I.; Sohn, S.W.; Park, C.H.; Kim, S.S.; Chang, Y.S.; Min, K.U.; Kim, Y.Y.; Cho, S.H. Outcomes in occupational asthma caused by reactive dye after long-term avoidance. Clin. Exp. Alergy 2007, 37, 225–230.
[2]
Nakano, Y.; Tsuchiya, T.; Hirose, K.; Chida, K. Occupational asthma caused by pyrazolone derivate used in silver halide photograhic paper. Chest 2000, 118, 246–248.
[3]
Romano, C.; Sulotto, F.; Pavan, I.; Chiesa, A.; Scansetti, G. A new case of occupational asthma from reactive dyes with severe anaphylactic response to the specific challenge. Am. J. Ind. Med. 1992, 21, 209–216.
[4]
Nilsson, R.; Nordlinder, R.; Wass, U.; Meding, B.; Belin, L. Asthma, rhinitis, and dermatitis in workers exposed to reactive dyes. Br. J. Ind. Med. 1993, 50, 65–70.
[5]
Docker, A.; Wattie, J.M.; Topping, M.D.; Luczynska, C.M.; Taylor, A.J.; Pickering, C.A.; Thomas, P.; Gompertz, D. Clinical and immunological investigations of respiratory disease in workers using reactive dyes. Br. J. Ind. Med. 1987, 44, 534–541.
[6]
Beck, G.J.; Schachter, E.N.; Maunder, L.T.; Schilling, R.S.F. A prospective study of chronic lung disease in cotton textile workers. Ann. Intern. Med. 1982, 97, 645–651.
Zuskin, E.; Ivankovic, D.; Schachter, E.N.; Witek, T.J. A ten year follow-up study of cotton textile workers. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1991, 143, 301–305.
[9]
Zuskin, E.; Kanceljak, B.; Schachter, E.N.; Witek, T.J.; Muatabegovic, J.; Maayani, S.; Buck, M.G.; Rienzi, N. Immunological and respiratory function in cotton textile workers. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 1992, 46, 31–37.
[10]
Bouhuys, A.; Zuskin, E. Chronic respiratory disease in hemp workers. A follow-up study 1967-1974. Ann. Intern. Med. 1976, 84, 398–405.
[11]
Zuskin, E.; Kanceljak, B.; Pokrajac, D.; Schachter, E.N.; Witek, T.J. Respiratory symptoms and lung function in hemp workers. Br. J. Ind. Med. 1990, 47, 627–632.
[12]
Valic, F.; Zuskin, E. Effects of different vegetable dust exposure. Br. J. Ind. Med. 1972, 29, 293–297.
[13]
Zuskin, E.; Valic, F.; Bouhuys, A. Effect of wool dust on respiratory function. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1976, 114, 705–709.
[14]
Love, R.G.; Smith, T.A.; Gurr, D.; Soutar, C.A.; Scarisbbrick, D.A.; Seaton, A. Respiratory and allergic symptoms in wool textile workers. Br. J. Ind. Med. 1988, 45, 727–741.
[15]
Zuskin, E.; Mustajbegovic, J.; Schachter, E.N.; Doko-Jelinic, J. Respiratory function of textile workers employed in dyeing cotton and wool fibers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 1997, 31, 344–352.
[16]
Viegi, G.; Fazzi, P.; Giuliano, G.; Begliomini, E.; Pistelli, G. Pulmonary function in chemical workers. G. Ital. Med. Lav. 1985, 7, 127–131.
Standardization of Spirometry, 1994 Update. American thoracic society. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1995, 152, 1107–1136.
[19]
Park, M.S.; Lee, M.K.; Kim, B.O.; Lee, K.J.; Roh, J.M. Clinical and immunologic evaluations of reactive dye-exposed workers. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 1991, 87, 639–649.
[20]
Luo, J.C.; Kuo, H.W.; Cheng, T.J.; Chang, M.J. Pulmonary function abnormality and respiratory tract irritation symptoms in epichlorohydrin-exposed workers in Taiwan. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2003, 43, 440–446.
[21]
Wang, X.R.; Pan, L.D.; Zhang, H.X.; Sun, B.X.; Dai, H.L.; Christiani, D.C. Follow-up study of study of respiratory health of newly-hired female cotton textile workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2002, 41, 111–118.
[22]
Raza, S.N.; Fletcher, A.M.; Pickering, A.C.; Niven, R.M.; Faragher, E. Ventilatory function and personal breathing zone dust concentratios in Lancashire textile wearvers. Occup. Environ. Med. 1999, 56, 520–526.
[23]
Talini, D.; Montaverdi, A.; Benvenuti, A.; Petrozzini, M.; di Pede, F.; Lemmi, M.; Carletti, A.; Macchioni, P.; Serretti, N.; Viegi, G.; et al. Asthma-like symptoms, atopy, and bronchial responsiveness in furniture workers. Occup. Environ. Med. 1998, 55, 786–791, doi:10.1136/oem.55.11.786.
[24]
Pauluhn, J. Repeated pulmonary function measurements in rats after intratracheal instillation of a polyamine textile pigment component. Inhal. Toxicol. 2000, 12, 591–604.
[25]
Lipworth, B.J.; Clark, D.J. Effects of airway calibre on lung delivery of nebulised salbutamol. Thorax 1997, 52, 1036–1039.