Prenatal diagnosis of penoscrotal transposition by ultrasound and review of literature
胎儿脐血管异常与妊娠结局的相关性研究

Objective To assess the prenatal features of penoscrotal transposition by ultrasound. Methods The prenatal ultrasonogram of two fetuses, which were diagnosed as penoscrotal transposition, was retrospectively reviewed. The prenatal characteristics were summarized by ultrasound, and compared with those of autopsy. Literatures referring to the prenatal diagnosis of such abnormality were reviewed. Results The ‘tulip sign’ was characteristic prenatal ultrasound imaging of penoscrotal transposition with a bifid scrotum and hypospadias, which was partially or completely formed by the malpositioned scrotum anterior to the penis and the ventrally bent penis was located between the two scrotal folds. The color Doppler imaging of the micturating fetus may be helpful for display of dystopia of meatus. Conclusion Antenatal ultrasonography is an effective and feasible way to diagnose penoscrotal transposition. Penoscrotal transposition should be differentiated in case of ambiguous genitalia.