NONEQUILIBRIUM PROCESSES IN MATERIALS PROCESSING
材料制备中的非平衡过程

There are many examples of high-speed nonequilibrium reaction processes in materials processing,such as oxygen smelting; Martensitic transformation treatment; explosive relaxing of welding stress etc. The nonequilibrium high technologies are growing up recently, such as high-speed cooling in amorphous and nano-crystal processing, high-speed reactions in self-propagating high temperature sytheses and in-situ reactions; forced reactions in mechanical alloying and ultrasonic treatment, as well as laser beam induced reactions in vapor syntheses and microwave catalyzed reactions. All these processes make the processing science up to a new level. In order to further investigate the essence of nonequilibrium processes, the energy and momentum exchange between microscopic particles and excitons as well as the time dependence of related macroscopic quantities have been studied. And the common regularities of the above mentioned reactions are further studied from a viewpoint of self-organization process of dissipative structure of open system. Vivid inspiration can be enlightened by living body processes. Food and growth, fatigue and rest, as well as injuring and healing etc enlighten the way to take nonequlibrium biomimetic treatment in the process of materials processing and employment, such as the crystallization process under electropulsing and the electropulsing treatment after certain period of fatigue, these primary results show an attractive prospect of remarkable improvement of the properties and service life of materials.