Energy Consumption Analysis and Energy Holes Avoidance for Gradient Based Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks
基于梯度的无线传感器网络能耗分析及能量空洞避免机制

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs) using gradient based routing, the uneven energy dissipation among nodes can lead to energy holes and significantly reduces the lifetime of network. In this paper, we analyze the energy consumption of nodes on gradient sinking model in both free space and Rayleigh fading environment, and propose a scheme to avoid energy holes with nonuniform energy distribution, that is, a node is equipped with initial energy according to its energy consumption. Then, we investigate the upper and lower bounds of network lifetime in a WSN using gradient based routing by taking into consideration various factors such as communication interference, sleeping mechanism, etc. Simulation results indicate that our scheme can increase energy efficiency and prolong network lifetime.