Analysis of embryo, cytoplasmic and maternal effects on three amino acid traits in rapeseed
油菜籽三种氨基酸含量的胚、细胞质和母体遗传效应分析

A diallel design with eight parents of Brassica napus were conducted to analyze the genetic effects, heritabilities and genetic correlations from diploid embryo, cytoplasm and diploid maternal plant for the contents of Glutamic acid (Glu), Glycine (Gly) and Arginine (Arg) of rapeseed cake, by using the genetic model for seed quantitative traits of diploid plant. The results indicated that these amino acids in rapeseed cake were simultaneously controlled by the genetic effects from embryo genes, cytoplasmic genes and maternal plant genes, except for the cytoplasmic effect of Arg. The contents of Glu and Gly in rapeseed cake were mainly controlled by maternal genetic effects, but the embryo effect and maternal effect were almost equal for Arg. The maternal heritabilities were larger than the embryo or cytoplasmic heritabilities for three amino acids. The selection effect could be expected in rapeseed quality breeding, because of the larger maternal additive and cytoplasmic effects. The positive embryo dominance correlations (r_D) were more important for the pairwise traits among Glu, Gly and Arg in rapeseed cake, although the negative maternal additive (r_(Am)) or dominance (r_(Dm)) correlations were significant for some pairwise traits of amino acids.