The Logic of Public and Private Goods
公私物品的逻辑

The logic system of public and private goods should establish a new framework based on the scarcity of resources.The scarcity of resources demands a clear definition of the relation of rights between people in the consumption game.Public and private goods are the contracts of this relation of rights.If we define exclusiveness as"excluding others from the consumption rights to pay the market price"and take exclusiveness as the only criterion for distinguishing public and private goods,then public and private goods are goods with the contracts of non-exclusiveness and exclusiveness respectively.The nature of public and private goods is the logic unity of objectivity and subjectivity and the quantity of continuous dynamic changes.Ordinary goods are the mixture of public and private goods in different degrees.The author also categorizes public and private goods from the two new aspects of the interior and exterior of organization and the relation between supply and demand.Mutual transformation of public and private goods depends on necessary and sufficient conditions in the combined functions of productivity and production relations.This is mainly the function of the change of relation between supply and demand and the profit of cost defined by property rights.Based on that,three routes of transformation are formed.