FORWARD AND INVERSE ANALYSES OF WATER FLOW INTO TUNNELS
隧道涌水量的预测及其工程应用

Dynamic design and information-based construction are often adopted in deep buried tunnels in rocks abounding with in groundwater. The most important information collected in the course is the flowrate of groundwater. The flowrate from the surrounding rocks is calculated by forward and inverse methods,with practical examples. The calculation results show that the forward and inverse analyses of water flow into tunnels are essentially different from each ofter. At the pre-design stage,the flowrate can be obtained by the forward method,engineering judgement,and numerical or analytical calculations. During the dynamic design-construction stage,the flowrate can be obtained with the inverse approach based on the measured data to improve the prediction and design.