| [1] | Tlsty TD, Coussens LM (2006) Tumor stroma and regulation of cancer development. Annu Rev Pathol 1: 119–150.
|
| [2] | Nyberg P, Salo T, Kalluri R (2008) Tumor microenvironment and angiogenesis. Front Biosci 13: 6537–6553.
|
| [3] | Albini A, Sporn MB (2007) The tumour microenvironment as a target for chemoprevention. Nat Rev Cancer 7: 139–147.
|
| [4] | Mueller MM, Fusenig NE (2004) Friends or foes - bipolar effects of the tumour stroma in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 4: 839–849.
|
| [5] | Folkman J (1972) Anti-angiogenesis: new concept for therapy of solid tumors. Ann Surg 175: 409–416.
|
| [6] | Naumov GN, Akslen LA, Folkman J (2006) Role of angiogenesis in human tumor dormancy: animal models of the angiogenic switch. Cell Cycle 5: 1779–1787.
|
| [7] | Kopfstein L, Christofori G (2006) Metastasis: cell-autonomous mechanisms versus contributions by the tumor microenvironment. Cell Mol Life Sci 63: 449–468.
|
| [8] | Chambers AF, Groom AC, MacDonald IC (2002) Dissemination and growth of cancer cells in metastatic sites. Nat Rev Cancer 2: 563–572.
|
| [9] | Ivy SP, Wick JY, Kaufman BM (2009) An overview of small-molecule inhibitors of VEGFR signaling. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 6: 569–579.
|
| [10] | Jubb AM, Oates AJ, Holden S, Koeppen H (2006) Predicting benefit from anti-angiogenic agents in malignancy. Nat Rev Cancer 6: 626–635.
|
| [11] | Adams RH, Alitalo K (2007) Molecular regulation of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 8: 464–478.
|
| [12] | Yana I, Sagara H, Takaki S, Takatsu K, Nakamura K, et al. (2007) Crosstalk between neovessels and mural cells directs the site-specific expression of MT1-MMP to endothelial tip cells. J Cell Sci 120: 1607–1614.
|
| [13] | Kebers F, Lewalle JM, Desreux J, Munaut C, Devy L, et al. (1998) Induction of endothelial cell apoptosis by solid tumor cells. Exp Cell Res 240: 197–205.
|
| [14] | Kubota Y, Kleinman HK, Martin GR, Lawley TJ (1988) Role of laminin and basement membrane in the morphological differentiation of human endothelial cells into capillary-like structures. J Cell Biol 107: 1589–1598.
|
| [15] | Lawley TJ, Kubota Y (1989) Induction of morphologic differentiation of endothelial cells in culture. J Invest Dermatol 93: 59S–61S.
|
| [16] | Lafleur MA, Handsley MM, Knauper V, Murphy G, Edwards DR (2002) Endothelial tubulogenesis within fibrin gels specifically requires the activity of membrane-type-matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs). J Cell Sci 115: 3427–3438.
|
| [17] | Montesano R, Pepper MS, Orci L (1993) Paracrine induction of angiogenesis in vitro by Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. J Cell Sci 105(Pt 4): 1013–1024.
|
| [18] | Bishop ET, Bell GT, Bloor S, Broom IJ, Hendry NF, et al. (1999) An in vitro model of angiogenesis: basic features. Angiogenesis 3: 335–344.
|
| [19] | Kalluri R, Zeisberg M (2006) Fibroblasts in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 6: 392–401.
|
| [20] | Orimo A, Weinberg RA (2006) Stromal fibroblasts in cancer: a novel tumor-promoting cell type. Cell Cycle 5: 1597–1601.
|
| [21] | Wenger A, Kowalewski N, Stahl A, Mehlhorn AT, Schmal H, et al. (2005) Development and characterization of a spheroidal coculture model of endothelial cells and fibroblasts for improving angiogenesis in tissue engineering. Cells Tissues Organs 181: 80–88.
|
| [22] | Kunz-Schughart LA, Schroeder JA, Wondrak M, van Rey F, Lehle K, et al. (2006) Potential of fibroblasts to regulate the formation of three-dimensional vessel-like structures from endothelial cells in vitro. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 290: C1385–1398.
|
| [23] | Liu H, Chen B, Lilly B (2008) Fibroblasts potentiate blood vessel formation partially through secreted factor TIMP-1. Angiogenesis 11: 223–234.
|
| [24] | Kim JB, Stein R, O'Hare MJ (2004) Three-dimensional in vitro tissue culture models of breast cancer– a review. Breast Cancer Res Treat 85: 281–291.
|
| [25] | Birgersdotter A, Sandberg R, Ernberg I (2005) Gene expression perturbation in vitro–a growing case for three-dimensional (3D) culture systems. Semin Cancer Biol 15: 405–412.
|
| [26] | Kunz-Schughart LA, Kreutz M, Knuechel R (1998) Multicellular spheroids: a three-dimensional in vitro culture system to study tumour biology. Int J Exp Pathol 79: 1–23.
|
| [27] | Pampaloni F, Reynaud EG, Stelzer EH (2007) The third dimension bridges the gap between cell culture and live tissue. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 8: 839–845.
|
| [28] | Korff T, Augustin HG (1998) Integration of endothelial cells in multicellular spheroids prevents apoptosis and induces differentiation. J Cell Biol 143: 1341–1352.
|
| [29] | Korff T, Kimmina S, Martiny-Baron G, Augustin HG (2001) Blood vessel maturation in a 3-dimensional spheroidal coculture model: direct contact with smooth muscle cells regulates endothelial cell quiescence and abrogates VEGF responsiveness. FASEB J 15: 447–457.
|
| [30] | d'Ortho MP, Stanton H, Butler M, Atkinson SJ, Murphy G, et al. (1998) MT1-MMP on the cell surface causes focal degradation of gelatin films. FEBS Lett 421: 159–164.
|
| [31] | Walter-Yohrling J, Pratt BM, Ledbetter S, Teicher BA (2003) Myofibroblasts enable invasion of endothelial cells into three-dimensional tumor cell clusters: a novel in vitro tumor model. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 52: 263–269.
|
| [32] | Nakatsu MN, Sainson RC, Aoto JN, Taylor KL, Aitkenhead M, et al. (2003) Angiogenic sprouting and capillary lumen formation modeled by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in fibrin gels: the role of fibroblasts and Angiopoietin-1. Microvasc Res 66: 102–112.
|
| [33] | Liu H, Kennard S, Lilly B (2009) NOTCH3 expression is induced in mural cells through an autoregulatory loop that requires endothelial-expressed JAGGED1. Circ Res 104: 466–475.
|
| [34] | Cooley LS, Handsley MM, Zhou Z, Lafleur MA, Pennington CJ, et al. (2010) Reversible transdifferentiation of blood vascular endothelial cells to a lymphatic-like phenotype in vitro. J Cell Sci 123: 3808–3816.
|
| [35] | Mammoto A, Connor KM, Mammoto T, Yung CW, Huh D, et al. (2009) A mechanosensitive transcriptional mechanism that controls angiogenesis. Nature 457: 1103–1108.
|
| [36] | Chiquet-Ehrismann R, Mackie EJ, Pearson CA, Sakakura T (1986) Tenascin: an extracellular matrix protein involved in tissue interactions during fetal development and oncogenesis. Cell 47: 131–139.
|
| [37] | Guttery DS, Shaw JA, Lloyd K, Pringle JH, Walker RA (2010) Expression of tenascin-C and its isoforms in the breast. Cancer Metastasis Rev 29: 595–606.
|
| [38] | Gorczyca W, Holm R, Nesland JM (1993) Laminin production and fibronectin immunoreactivity in breast carcinomas. Anticancer Res 13: 851–858.
|
| [39] | Kawakatsu H, Shiurba R, Obara M, Hiraiwa H, Kusakabe M, et al. (1992) Human carcinoma cells synthesize and secrete tenascin in vitro. Jpn J Cancer Res 83: 1073–1080.
|
| [40] | Salter JT, Miller KD (2007) Antiangiogenic agents in breast cancer. Cancer Invest 25: 518–526.
|
| [41] | Ferrara N (2009) VEGF-A: a critical regulator of blood vessel growth. Eur Cytokine Netw 20: 158–163.
|
| [42] | Andrae J, Gallini R, Betsholtz C (2008) Role of platelet-derived growth factors in physiology and medicine. Genes Dev 22: 1276–1312.
|
| [43] | Kendall RL, Rutledge RZ, Mao X, Tebben AJ, Hungate RW, et al. (1999) Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor KDR tyrosine kinase activity is increased by autophosphorylation of two activation loop tyrosine residues. J Biol Chem 274: 6453–6460.
|
| [44] | Kovalenko M, Gazit A, Bohmer A, Rorsman C, Ronnstrand L, et al. (1994) Selective platelet-derived growth factor receptor kinase blockers reverse sis-transformation. Cancer Res 54: 6106–6114.
|
| [45] | Menu E, Jernberg-Wiklund H, Stromberg T, De Raeve H, Girnita L, et al. (2006) Inhibiting the IGF-1 receptor tyrosine kinase with the cyclolignan PPP: an in vitro and in vivo study in the 5T33MM mouse model. Blood 107: 655–660.
|
| [46] | Reinmuth N, Liu W, Fan F, Jung YD, Ahmad SA, et al. (2002) Blockade of insulin-like growth factor I receptor function inhibits growth and angiogenesis of colon cancer. Clin Cancer Res 8: 3259–3269.
|
| [47] | Lee CC, Liu KJ, Wu YC, Lin SJ, Chang CC, et al. (2010) Sesamin Inhibits Macrophage-Induced Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression and Proangiogenic Activity in Breast Cancer Cells. Inflammation.
|
| [48] | Freund A, Chauveau C, Brouillet JP, Lucas A, Lacroix M, et al. (2003) IL-8 expression and its possible relationship with estrogen-receptor-negative status of breast cancer cells. Oncogene 22: 256–265.
|
| [49] | De Strooper B, Annaert W (2010) Novel research horizons for presenilins and gamma-secretases in cell biology and disease. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 26: 235–260.
|
| [50] | Hellstrom M, Phng LK, Hofmann JJ, Wallgard E, Coultas L, et al. (2007) Dll4 signalling through Notch1 regulates formation of tip cells during angiogenesis. Nature 445: 776–780.
|
| [51] | Noel A, Jost M, Maquoi E (2008) Matrix metalloproteinases at cancer tumor-host interface. Semin Cell Dev Biol 19: 52–60.
|
| [52] | Galardy RE, Grobelny D, Foellmer HG, Fernandez LA (1994) Inhibition of angiogenesis by the matrix metalloprotease inhibitor N-[2R-2-(hydroxamidocarbonymethyl)-4-met？hylpentanoyl)]-L-tryptophanmethylamide. Cancer Res 54: 4715–4718.
|
| [53] | Knobloch J, Ruther U (2008) Shedding light on an old mystery: thalidomide suppresses survival pathways to induce limb defects. Cell Cycle 7: 1121–1127.
|
| [54] | Sleijfer S, Kruit WH, Stoter G (2004) Thalidomide in solid tumours: the resurrection of an old drug. Eur J Cancer 40: 2377–2382.
|
| [55] | Sudhakar A, Sugimoto H, Yang C, Lively J, Zeisberg M, et al. (2003) Human tumstatin and human endostatin exhibit distinct antiangiogenic activities mediated by alpha v beta 3 and alpha 5 beta 1 integrins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100: 4766–4771.
|
| [56] | Clamp AR, Jayson GC (2005) The clinical potential of antiangiogenic fragments of extracellular matrix proteins. Br J Cancer 93: 967–972.
|
| [57] | Genis L, Galvez BG, Gonzalo P, Arroyo AG (2006) MT1-MMP: universal or particular player in angiogenesis? Cancer Metastasis Rev 25: 77–86.
|
| [58] | Deryugina EI, Soroceanu L, Strongin AY (2002) Up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor by membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase stimulates human glioma xenograft growth and angiogenesis. Cancer Res 62: 580–588.
|
| [59] | Galvez BG, Matias-Roman S, Albar JP, Sanchez-Madrid F, Arroyo AG (2001) Membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase is activated during migration of human endothelial cells and modulates endothelial motility and matrix remodeling. J Biol Chem 276: 37491–37500.
|
| [60] | Krubasik D, Eisenach PA, Kunz-Schughart LA, Murphy G, English WR (2008) Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor induces endothelial capillary formation through induction of membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase expression in vitro. Int J Cancer 122: 1261–1272.
|
| [61] | Fischbach C, Chen R, Matsumoto T, Schmelzle T, Brugge JS, et al. (2007) Engineering tumors with 3D scaffolds. Nat Methods 4: 855–860.
|
| [62] | Mueller-Klieser W (1997) Three-dimensional cell cultures: from molecular mechanisms to clinical applications. Am J Physiol 273: C1109–1123.
|
| [63] | Kunz-Schughart LA (1999) Multicellular tumor spheroids: intermediates between monolayer culture and in vivo tumor. Cell Biol Int 23: 157–161.
|
| [64] | Ghosh S, Joshi MB, Ivanov D, Feder-Mengus C, Spagnoli GC, et al. (2007) Use of multicellular tumor spheroids to dissect endothelial cell-tumor cell interactions: a role for T-cadherin in tumor angiogenesis. FEBS Lett 581: 4523–4528.
|
| [65] | Offner FA, Wirtz HC, Schiefer J, Bigalke I, Klosterhalfen B, et al. (1992) Interaction of human malignant melanoma (ST-ML-12) tumor spheroids with endothelial cell monolayers. Damage to endothelium by oxygen-derived free radicals. Am J Pathol 141: 601–610.
|
