Advances in Biotic-Ligand Model to Predict the Bioavailability of Metals in Environments
环境中金属生物有效性的预测模型——生物配体模型研究进展

The Biotic-ligand Model(BLM)is a mechanistic model used to predict the ecotoxicity of metals in environments. The theory of the BLM evolves from Free-Ion-Activity Model(FIAM)and Gill Surface Interaction Model(GSIM), and incorporates the competition of the free metal ion with other naturally occurring cations(e.g. Ca2 , Na , Mg2 , H ), together with complexation by abiotic ligands(e.g. DOM, chloride, carbonates, sulfide)for binding with the biotic ligand. Using biochemistry and mathematics methods, different versions of acute and chronic BLM for the toxicity of Cu, Zn, Ag and Ni to fish(Rainbow trout, Fathead minnow)and Daphnia magna in aquatic ecosystems had been published. Although the BLM was found to be satisfactory in laboratory conditions, but there are some limitations in practice, especially in terrestrial ecosystems. In this article, theoretical basis, development, application and the limitations of BLM were reviewed, meanwhile the investigation in the future were prospected.