Changes in leaf gas exchange, water relations, biomass production and solute accumulation in Phragmites australis under hypoxic conditions

The physiological responses to hypoxic stress were studied in the common reed, Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steudel. Growth, leaf gas exchange, water (and ion) relations and osmotic adjustment were determined in hydroponically grown plants exposed to 10, 20 and 30 days of oxygen deficiency. The highest growth of reed seedlings was found in normoxic (aerobic) conditions. Treatment effects on biomass production were relatively consistent within each harvest. Leaf water potential and osmotic potential declined significantly as hypoxia periods increased. However, leaf turgor pressure showed a consistent pattern of increase, suggesting that reed plants adjusted their water status by osmotic adjustment in response to root hypoxia. After 20 and 30 days in the low oxygen treatment, net CO2 assimilation and stomatal conductance were positively associated and the former variable also had a strong positive relationship with transpiration. Short-term hypoxic stress had a slight effect on the ionic status (K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+) of reed plants. In contrast, soluble sugar concentrations increased more under hypoxic conditions as compared to normoxia. These findings indicate that hypoxia slightly affected the physiological behavior of reed plants.