Ecological restoration and sustainable landscape design of mining wastelands
采矿废弃地的生态恢复与可持续景观设计

Mining wastelands are unique landscapes, formed under the severe negative influence of human disturbance. The highly heterogeneous characteristics and low stability of these landscapes alters hydrologic, biological, and other natural processes. These alterations lead to many environmental problems, such as landscape fragmentation, diffusion of pollution, disruption of water flow, habitat degradation and biodiversity reduction. Engineering and biologically based measures are available to remedy these problems, including toxicity and pollution treatment, soil remediation, vegetation restoration and physical repair. Landscape architecture methods can augment such environmental restoration of mining wastelands, by incorporating considerations of regional ecosystem health, local economic development, the living environment of local people, and aesthetic values. This review first analyzes the landscape ecological characteristics and environmental effects of mining wastelands, then summarizes various methods of restoration and reconstruction based on engineering and biological measures and evaluates different resource-use approaches. After introducing some cases, principles for sustainable landscape design of mining wastelands are proposed,including ecological security,resource reuse,natural succession, alternative design and humanity.