The competition model of species at different types of habitat and simulation studies and applications
不同栖息地状态下物种竞争模式及模拟研究与应用

Human activities are affecting the habitat, which decrease the number of habitats and recede the quality. The biggest threat to species diversity worldwide is the loss of suitable habitat. Human activities affect species dynamics and further influence species diversity by changing habitat. Species competition is one of the most important ecological courses that affects the evolvement of ecosystem. Species evolvement at different types of habitat is very complex, so there is an urgency to understand species responses to human-caused habitat degradation. On the basis of Tilman's research and model, a competing coefficient is introduced into dynamical model of metapopulation and a mathematical model of competition among the metapopulation species is established, at the same time, the competing trends of five metaspecies at different types of habitat are simulated by means of computer research. The results of simulation show that:(1) The competing exclusion intensity among the species is distinct in different structure of communities(different q values), the competing exclusion intensity of species is bigger in community which includes superior species than that which has inferior species. The dispersal ability of species plays a definite role in species competition.(2)With the level of habitat degradation increased, the negative influence on superior competitors become smaller, while bigger on inferior ones.(3)With the increasing of habitat restoration extent, competition between the superior and inferior species becomes more fierce. The effect of competing exclusion on superior species increases, while the inferior ones becomes stronger, the complexion emerges that the superior one becomes weak and the inferior one becomes strong.(4)The competitive and dispersal ability have a profound effect on the competing elimination and coexistence of species, the condition of species competition and coexistence is the competitive ability have a nonlinear minus correlation with dispersal power.(5)The ecological orders of superior and inferior species will change.