| [1] | Chang HT (1952) Cortical neurons with particular reference to the apical dendrites. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 17: 189–202.
|
| [2] | Diamond J, Gray EG, Yasargil GM (1970) The function of the dendritic spine: an hypothesis. In: Andersen P, Jensen JKS, editors. Excitatory Synaptic Mechanisms. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget. pp. 213–222.
|
| [3] | Rall W (1974) Dendritic spines, synaptic potency, and neuronal plasticity. In: Woody CD, Brown KA, Crow TJ, Knispel JD, editors. Cellular Mechanisms Subserving Changes in Neuronal Activity. Los Angeles: University of California Press. pp. 13–21.
|
| [4] | Araya R, Jiang J, Eisenthal KB, Yuste R (2006) The spine neck filters membrane potentials. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103: 17961–17966.
|
| [5] | Bloodgood BL, Giessel AJ, Sabatini BL (2009) Biphasic synaptic Ca influx arising from compartmentalized electrical signals in dendritic spines. PLoS Biol 7: e1000190.
|
| [6] | Muller W, Connor JA (1991) Dendritic spines as individual neuronal compartments for synaptic Ca2+ responses. Nature 354: 73–76.
|
| [7] | Koch C, Zador A (1993) The function of dendritic spines: devices subserving biochemical rather than electrical compartmentalization. J Neurosci 13: 413–422.
|
| [8] | Yuste R, Denk W (1995) Dendritic spines as basic functional units of neuronal integration. Nature 375: 682–684.
|
| [9] | Sabatini BL, Oertner TG, Svoboda K (2002) The life cycle of Ca(2+) ions in dendritic spines. Neuron 33: 439–452.
|
| [10] | Korkotian E, Segal M (2006) Spatially confined diffusion of calcium in dendrites of hippocampal neurons revealed by flash photolysis of caged calcium. Cell Calcium 40: 441–449.
|
| [11] | Ramon y Cajal S (1899) Regias y consejos sobre investigación biológica. Madrid: Imprenta de Fontanet.
|
| [12] | Chklovskii DB (2004) Synaptic connectivity and neuronal morphology: two sides of the same coin. Neuron 43: 609–617.
|
| [13] | Segev I, London M (2000) Untangling dendrites with quantitative models. Science 290: 744–750.
|
| [14] | Gulledge AT, Kampa BM, Stuart GJ (2005) Synaptic integration in dendritic trees. J Neurobiol 64: 75–90.
|
| [15] | Rinzel J, Rall W (1974) Transient response in a dendritic neuron model for current injected at one branch. Biophys J 14: 759–790.
|
| [16] | Kawato M, Tsukahara N (1984) Electrical properties of dendritic spines with bulbous end terminals. Biophys J 46: 155–166.
|
| [17] | Wilson CJ (1984) Passive cable properties of dendritic spines and spiny neurons. J Neurosci 4: 281–297.
|
| [18] | Jaslove SW (1992) The integrative properties of spiny distal dendrites. Neuroscience 47: 495–519.
|
| [19] | Segev I, Friedman A, White EL, Gutnick MJ (1995) Electrical consequences of spine dimensions in a model of a cortical spiny stellate cell completely reconstructed from serial thin sections. J Comput Neurosci 2: 117–130.
|
| [20] | Kawato M, Tsukahara N (1983) Theoretical study on electrical properties of dendritic spines. J Theor Biol 103: 507–522.
|
| [21] | Isope P, Murphy TH (2005) Low threshold calcium currents in rat cerebellar Purkinje cell dendritic spines are mediated by T-type calcium channels. J Physiol 562: 257–269.
|
| [22] | Araya R, Nikolenko V, Eisenthal KB, Yuste R (2007) Sodium channels amplify spine potentials. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104: 12347–12352.
|
| [23] | Bloodgood BL, Sabatini BL (2007) Nonlinear regulation of unitary synaptic signals by CaV(2.3) voltage-sensitive calcium channels located in dendritic spines. Neuron 53: 249–260.
|
| [24] | Grunditz A, Holbro N, Tian L, Zuo Y, Oertner TG (2008) Spine neck plasticity controls postsynaptic calcium signals through electrical compartmentalization. J Neurosci 28: 13457–13466.
|
| [25] | Peterka DS, Takahashi H, Yuste R (2011) Imaging voltage in neurons. Neuron 69: 9–21.
|
| [26] | Harris KM, Jensen FE, Tsao B (1992) Three-dimensional structure of dendritic spines and synapses in rat hippocampus (CA1) at postnatal day 15 and adult ages: implications for the maturation of synaptic physiology and long-term potentiation. J Neurosci 12: 2685–2705.
|
| [27] | Lester RA, Clements JD, Westbrook GL, Jahr CE (1990) Channel kinetics determine the time course of NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic currents. Nature 346: 565–567.
|
| [28] | Schiller J, Major G, Koester HJ, Schiller Y (2000) NMDA spikes in basal dendrites of cortical pyramidal neurons. Nature 404: 285–289.
|
| [29] | Nevian T, Larkum ME, Polsky A, Schiller J (2007) Properties of basal dendrites of layer 5 pyramidal neurons: a direct patch-clamp recording study. Nat Neurosci 10: 206–214.
|
| [30] | Larkum ME, Nevian T, Sandler M, Polsky A, Schiller J (2009) Synaptic integration in tuft dendrites of layer 5 pyramidal neurons: a new unifying principle. Science 325: 756–760.
|
| [31] | Branco T, Hausser M (2011) Synaptic integration gradients in single cortical pyramidal cell dendrites. Neuron 69: 885–892.
|
| [32] | Spruston N (2008) Pyramidal neurons: dendritic structure and synaptic integration. Nat Rev Neurosci 9: 206–221.
|
| [33] | Stuart GJ, Sakmann B (1994) Active propagation of somatic action potentials into neocortical pyramidal cell dendrites. Nature 367: 69–72.
|
| [34] | Bekkers JM (2000) Distribution and activation of voltage-gated potassium channels in cell-attached and outside-out patches from large layer 5 cortical pyramidal neurons of the rat. J Physiol 525 Pt 3: 611–620.
|
| [35] | Korngreen A, Sakmann B (2000) Voltage-gated K+ channels in layer 5 neocortical pyramidal neurones from young rats: subtypes and gradients. J Physiol 525 Pt 3: 621–639.
|
| [36] | Lorincz A, Nusser Z (2010) Molecular identity of dendritic voltage-gated sodium channels. Science 328: 906–909.
|
| [37] | Stuart G, Spruston N (1998) Determinants of voltage attenuation in neocortical pyramidal neuron dendrites. J Neurosci 18: 3501–3510.
|
| [38] | Kole MH, Hallermann S, Stuart GJ (2006) Single Ih channels in pyramidal neuron dendrites: properties, distribution, and impact on action potential output. J Neurosci 26: 1677–1687.
|
| [39] | Magee JC (1998) Dendritic hyperpolarization-activated currents modify the integrative properties of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. J Neurosci 18: 7613–7624.
|
| [40] | Berger T, Larkum ME, Luscher HR (2001) High I(h) channel density in the distal apical dendrite of layer V pyramidal cells increases bidirectional attenuation of EPSPs. J Neurophysiol 85: 855–868.
|
| [41] | Fifkova E, Anderson CL (1981) Stimulation-induced changes in dimensions of stalks of dendritic spines in the dentate molecular layer. Exp Neurol 74: 621–627.
|
| [42] | Lang C, Barco A, Zablow L, Kandel ER, Siegelbaum SA, et al. (2004) Transient expansion of synaptically connected dendritic spines upon induction of hippocampal long-term potentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101: 16665–16670.
|
| [43] | Matsuzaki M, Honkura N, Ellis-Davies GC, Kasai H (2004) Structural basis of long-term potentiation in single dendritic spines. Nature 429: 761–766.
|
| [44] | Kopec CD, Li B, Wei W, Boehm J, Malinow R (2006) Glutamate receptor exocytosis and spine enlargement during chemically induced long-term potentiation. J Neurosci 26: 2000–2009.
|
| [45] | Tanaka J, Horiike Y, Matsuzaki M, Miyazaki T, Ellis-Davies GC, et al. (2008) Protein synthesis and neurotrophin-dependent structural plasticity of single dendritic spines. Science 319: 1683–1687.
|
| [46] | Okamoto K, Nagai T, Miyawaki A, Hayashi Y (2004) Rapid and persistent modulation of actin dynamics regulates postsynaptic reorganization underlying bidirectional plasticity. Nat Neurosci 7: 1104–1112.
|
| [47] | Peters A, Kaiserman-Abramof IR (1970) The small pyramidal neuron of the rat cerebral cortex. The perikaryon, dendrites and spines. Am J Anat 127: 321–355.
|
| [48] | Harris KM, Stevens JK (1989) Dendritic spines of CA 1 pyramidal cells in the rat hippocampus: serial electron microscopy with reference to their biophysical characteristics. J Neurosci 9: 2982–2997.
|
| [49] | Nicholson DA, Trana R, Katz Y, Kath WL, Spruston N, et al. (2006) Distance-dependent differences in synapse number and AMPA receptor expression in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Neuron 50: 431–442.
|
| [50] | Arellano JI, Benavides-Piccione R, Defelipe J, Yuste R (2007) Ultrastructure of dendritic spines: correlation between synaptic and spine morphologies. Front Neurosci 1: 131–143.
|
| [51] | Svoboda K, Tank DW, Denk W (1996) Direct measurement of coupling between dendritic spines and shafts. Science 272: 716–719.
|
| [52] | Bloodgood BL, Sabatini BL (2005) Neuronal activity regulates diffusion across the neck of dendritic spines. Science 310: 866–869.
|
| [53] | Palmer LM, Stuart GJ (2009) Membrane potential changes in dendritic spines during action potentials and synaptic input. J Neurosci 29: 6897–6903.
|
| [54] | Turrigiano GG, Nelson SB (2004) Homeostatic plasticity in the developing nervous system. Nat Rev Neurosci 5: 97–107.
|
| [55] | Oertner TG (2009) How do synapses measure milliseconds? Front Comput Neurosci 3: 7.
|
| [56] | Holbro N, Grunditz A, Wiegert JS, Oertner TG (2010) AMPA receptors gate spine Ca(2+) transients and spike-timing-dependent potentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107: 15975–15980.
|
| [57] | Sabatini BL, Svoboda K (2000) Analysis of calcium channels in single spines using optical fluctuation analysis. Nature 408: 589–593.
|
| [58] | Lee SJ, Escobedo-Lozoya Y, Szatmari EM, Yasuda R (2009) Activation of CaMKII in single dendritic spines during long-term potentiation. Nature 458: 299–304.
|
| [59] | Leitch B, Szostek A, Lin R, Shevtsova O (2009) Subcellular distribution of L-type calcium channel subtypes in rat hippocampal neurons. Neuroscience 164: 641–657.
|
| [60] | Faber ES, Delaney AJ, Sah P (2005) SK channels regulate excitatory synaptic transmission and plasticity in the lateral amygdala. Nat Neurosci 8: 635–641.
|
| [61] | Ngo-Anh TJ, Bloodgood BL, Lin M, Sabatini BL, Maylie J, et al. (2005) SK channels and NMDA receptors form a Ca2+-mediated feedback loop in dendritic spines. Nat Neurosci 8: 642–649.
|
| [62] | Fischer M, Kaech S, Knutti D, Matus A (1998) Rapid actin-based plasticity in dendritic spines. Neuron 20: 847–854.
|
| [63] | Dunaevsky A, Tashiro A, Majewska A, Mason C, Yuste R (1999) Developmental regulation of spine motility in the mammalian central nervous system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96: 13438–13443.
|
| [64] | Matsuzaki M, Ellis-Davies GC, Nemoto T, Miyashita Y, Iino M, et al. (2001) Dendritic spine geometry is critical for AMPA receptor expression in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Nat Neurosci 4: 1086–1092.
|
| [65] | Kasai H, Matsuzaki M, Noguchi J, Yasumatsu N, Nakahara H (2003) Structure-stability-function relationships of dendritic spines. Trends Neurosci 26: 360–368.
|
| [66] | Lamprecht R, LeDoux J (2004) Structural plasticity and memory. Nat Rev Neurosci 5: 45–54.
|
| [67] | Korkotian E, Segal M (2007) Morphological constraints on calcium dependent glutamate receptor trafficking into individual dendritic spine. Cell Calcium 42: 41–57.
|
| [68] | Otmakhov N, Tao-Cheng JH, Carpenter S, Asrican B, Dosemeci A, et al. (2004) Persistent accumulation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in dendritic spines after induction of NMDA receptor-dependent chemical long-term potentiation. J Neurosci 24: 9324–9331.
|
| [69] | Katz Y, Menon V, Nicholson DA, Geinisman Y, Kath WL, et al. (2009) Synapse distribution suggests a two-stage model of dendritic integration in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Neuron 63: 171–177.
|
| [70] | Carnevale NT, Hines ML (2006) The NEURON Book. New York: Cambridge University Press.
|
| [71] | Jaffe DB, Carnevale NT (1999) Passive normalization of synaptic integration influenced by dendritic architecture. J Neurophysiol 82: 3268–3285.
|
| [72] | Schmidt-Hieber C, Jonas P, Bischofberger J (2007) Subthreshold dendritic signal processing and coincidence detection in dentate gyrus granule cells. J Neurosci 27: 8430–8441.
|
| [73] | Roth A, Hausser M (2001) Compartmental models of rat cerebellar Purkinje cells based on simultaneous somatic and dendritic patch-clamp recordings. J Physiol 535: 445–472.
|
| [74] | Martone ME, Gupta A, Wong M, Qian X, Sosinsky G, et al. (2002) A cell-centered database for electron tomographic data. J Struct Biol 138: 145–155.
|
| [75] | Hines ML, Carnevale NT (2001) NEURON: a tool for neuroscientists. Neuroscientist 7: 123–135.
|
| [76] | Mainen ZF, Sejnowski TJ (1996) Influence of dendritic structure on firing pattern in model neocortical neurons. Nature 382: 363–366.
|
| [77] | Kole MH, Ilschner SU, Kampa BM, Williams SR, Ruben PC, et al. (2008) Action potential generation requires a high sodium channel density in the axon initial segment. Nat Neurosci 11: 178–186.
|
