| [1] | van Schaik CP (2003) Local traditions in oragutans and chimpanzees: Social learning and social tolerance. In: Fragaszy DM, Perry S, editors. The biology of traditions: Models and evidence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 297–328.
|
| [2] | Whiten A, Goodall J, McGrew WC, Nishida T, Reynolds V, et al. (1999) Cultures in chimpanzees. Nature 399: 682–685.
|
| [3] | van Schaik CP, Ancrenaz M, Borgen G, Galdikas B, Knott CD, et al. (2003) Orangutan cultures and the evolution of material culture. Science 299: 102–105.
|
| [4] | Perry S, Baker M, Fedigan L, Gros-Louis J, Jack K, et al. (2003) Social conventions in wild white-faced capuchin monkeys - evidence for traditions in a neotropical primate. Current Anthro 44: 241–268.
|
| [5] | Santorelli CJ, Schaffner CM, Campbell CJ, Notman H, Pavelka MS, et al. (2011) Traditions in Spider Monkeys Are Biased towards the Social Domain. PLoS ONE 6: e16863.
|
| [6] | van Schaik CP, van Noordwijk MA, Wich SA (2006) Innovation in wild Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii). Behaviour 143: 839–876.
|
| [7] | van Schaik CP, Ancrenaz M, Djojoasmoro R, Knott CD, Morrogh-Bernard HC, et al. (2009) Orangutan cultures revisited. Orangutans: Geographic variation in behavioral ecology and conservation. New York: Oxford Univ Press. pp. 299–309.
|
| [8] | Krützen M, Willems EP, van Schaik CP (2012) Geographic variation in orangutan behavior: not by genes alone. Current Biology. In Press.
|
| [9] | Whiten A, Horner I, Litchfield CA, Marshall-Pescini S (2004) How do apes ape? Learning & Behavior 32: 36–52.
|
| [10] | Jaeggi AV, Dunkel LP, van Noordwijk MA, Wich SA, Sura AAL, et al. (2010) Social learning of diet and foraging skills by wild and immature Bornean orangutans: Implications for culture. Am J Primatol 72: 62–71.
|
| [11] | Dindo M, Stoinski T, Whiten A (2011) Observational learning in orangutan cultural transmission chains. Biology Letters 7: 181–183.
|
| [12] | Whiten A, Mesoudi A (2008) Establising an experimental science of culture: animal social diffusion experiments. Phil Trans R Soc Lond 363: 3477–3488.
|
| [13] | Laland KN, Galef BG (2009) The question of animal culture. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 345 p.
|
| [14] | Laland KN, Hoppitt W (2003) Do animals have culture? Evolutionary Anthropology 12: 150–159.
|
| [15] | Langergraber KE, Boesch C, Inoue E, Inoue-Murayama M, Mitani J, et al. (2011) Genetic and ‘cultural’ similarity in wild chimpanzees. Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences Series B 278: 408–416.
|
| [16] | Lycett SJ, Collard M, McGrew WC (2011) Correlations between genetic and behavioural dissimilarities in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) do not undermine the case for culture. Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences Series B 278: 2091–2093.
|
| [17] | Langergraber KE, Vigilant L (2011) Genetic differences cannot be excluded from generating behavioural differences among chimpanzee groups. Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences Series B 278: 2094–2095.
|
| [18] | Slabbekoorn H, Smith TB (2002) Bird song, ecology and speciation. Phil Trans R Soc Lond 357: 493–503.
|
| [19] | Podos J, Warren PS (2007) The evolution of geographic variation in birdsong. Advances in the study of Behavior 37: 403–458.
|
| [20] | Noad MJ, Cato DH, Bryden MM, Jenner MN, Jener CS (2000) Cultural revolution in whale songs. Nature 408: 537.
|
| [21] | Rendell LE, Whitehead H (2003) Vocal clans in sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus). Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences Series B 270: 225–231.
|
| [22] | Rendell L, Whitehead H (2001) Culture in whales and dolphins. Behav Brain Sci 24: 309–382.
|
| [23] | Schusterman RJ (2008) Vocal learning in mammals with special emphasis on pinnipeds. In: Oller DK, Gribel U, editors. The evolution of communicative flexibility: Complexity, creativity, and adaptability in human and animal communication Cambridge, MA. MIT Press. pp. 41–70.
|
| [24] | Hardus ME, Lameira AR, Van Schaik CP, Wich SA (2009) Tool use in wild orang-utans modifies sound production: a functionally deceptive innovation? Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences Series B 276: 3689–3694.
|
| [25] | Delgado RA (2007) Geographic variation in the long calls of mlae orangutans (Pongo spp). Ethology 113: 487–498.
|
| [26] | Mitani JC, Hunley KL, Murdoch ME (1999) Geographic variation in the calls of wild chimpanzees: A reassesment. American Journal of Primatology 47: 133–151.
|
| [27] | Wich SA, Schel AM, de Vries H (2008) Geographic variation in Thomas langur (Presbytis thomasi) loud calls. American Journal of Primatology 70(6): 566–574.
|
| [28] | de la Torre S, Snowdon CT (2009) Dialects in pygmy marmosets? Population variation in call structure. American Journal of Primatology 71(4): 333–342.
|
| [29] | Crockford C, Herbinger I, Vigilant L, Boesch C (2004) Wild chimpanzees produce group-specific calls: a case for vocal learning? Ethology 110: 221–243.
|
| [30] | Fischer J, Hammerschmidt K, Todt D (1998) Local variation in Barbary macaque shrill barks. Animal Behaviour 56: 623–629.
|
| [31] | Lameira AR, Delgado RA, Wich SA (2010) Review of geographic variation in terrestrial mammalian acoustic signals: Human speech variation in a comparative perspective. Journal of Evolutionary Psychology 8: 309–332.
|
| [32] | Bluff LA, Kacelnik A, Rutz C (2010) Vocal culture in New Caledonian crows Corvus moneduloides. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 101: 767–776.
|
| [33] | Hardus ME, Lameira AR, Singleton I, Morrogh-Bernard HC, Knott CD, et al. (2009) A description of the orangutan’s vocal and sound repertoire, with a focus on geographic variation. Orangutans: Geographic variation in behavioral ecology and conservation. New York: Oxford Univ Press. pp. 49–64.
|
| [34] | Warren KS, Verschoor EJ, Langenhuijzen S, Heriyanto , Swan RA, et al. (2001) Speciation and intrasubspecific variation of Bornean orangutans, Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus. Molecular Biology and Evolution 18: 472–480.
|
| [35] | Muir CC, Galdikas BMF, Beckenbach AT (2000) mtDNA sequence diversity of orangutans from the islands of Borneo and Sumatra. J Mol Evol 51: 471–480.
|
| [36] | Zhi L, Karesh WB, Janzewski DN, Frazier-Taylor H, Sajuthi D, et al. (1996) Genomic differentiation among natural populations of orang-utan (Pongo pygmaeus). Current Biology 6: 1326–1336.
|
| [37] | Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M, Kumar S (2007) MEGA4: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) software version 4. Molecular Biology & Evolution 24: 1596–1599.
|
| [38] | Owren MJ, Amoss RT, Rendall D (2010) Two organizing principles of vocal production: Implications for nonhuman and human primates. Am J Primatol 71: 1–15.
|
| [39] | Falconer DS, Mackay TFC (1996) Introduction to quantitative genetics: Benjamin Cummings.
|
| [40] | Marshall AJ, Wrangham RW, Arcadi AC (1999) Does learning affect the structure of vocalizations in chimpanzees? Animal Behaviour 58: 825–830.
|
| [41] | Locke DP, Hillier LW, Warren WC, Worley KC, Nazareth LV, et al. (2010) Comparative and demographic analysis of orang-utan genomes. Nature 469: 529–533.
|
| [42] | Nater A, Nietlisbach P, Arora N, van Schaik CP, van Noordwijk MA, et al. (2011) Sex-biased Dispersal and Volcanic Activities Shaped Phylogeographic Patterns of Extant Orangutans (genus: Pongo). Molecular Biology and Evolution 28: 2275–2288.
|
| [43] | Wiley RH, Richards DG (1978) Physical constraints on acoustic communication in the athmosphere: implications for the evolution of animal vocalisations. Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology 3: 69–94.
|
| [44] | Marten K, Quine DB, Marler P (1977) Sound transmission and its significance for animal vocalization. II. Tropical habitats. Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology 2: 291–302.
|
| [45] | Bastian ML, Zweifel N, Vogel ER, Wich SA, van Schaik CP (2010) Diet traditions in wild orangutans. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 143: 175–187.
|
| [46] | Slik JWF, Aiba S-I, Bastian M, Brearley FQ, Cannon CH, et al. (2011) Soils on exposed Sunda Shelf shaped biogeographic patterns in the equatorial forests of Southeast Asia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
|
| [47] | Wich SA, Utami Atmoko SS, Mitra Setia T, van Schaik CP (2009) Orangutans: Geographic variation in behavioral ecology and conservation. New York: Oxford Univ Press.
|
| [48] | Bertelli S, Tubaro PL (2002) Body mass and habitat correlates of song structure in a primitive group of birds. biological Journal of the Linnean Society 77: 423–430.
|
| [49] | Morton ES (1975) Ecological sources of selection on avian sounds. American Naturalist 109: 17–34.
|
| [50] | Saranathan V, Hamilton D, Powell GVN, Kroodsma DE, Prum RO (2007) Genetic evidence supports song learning in the three-wattled bellbird Procnias tricarunculata (Cotingidae). Molecular Ecology 16: 3689–3702.
|
| [51] | Waser PM, Brown CH (1986) Habitat acoustics and primate communication. American Journal of Primatology 10: 135–154.
|
| [52] | Paul M (2007) Nesting sounds in wild Bornean orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus): Cultural and functional aspects. Zurich: University of Zurich. 86 p.
|
| [53] | Miles HL, Mitchell RW, Harper SE (1996) Simon says: The development of imitation in an enculturated orangutan. In: Russon AE, Bard KA, Parker ST, editors. Reaching into thought: The minds of the great apes. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 278–299.
|
| [54] | Wich SA, Swartz KB, Hardus ME, Lameira AR, Stromberg E, et al. (2009) A case of spontaneous acquisition of a human sound by an orangutan. Primates 50: 56–64.
|
| [55] | Hopkins WD, Taglialatela JP, Leavens DA (2007) Chimpanzees differentially produce novel vocalizations to capture the attention of a human. Anim Behav 73: 281–286.
|
| [56] | Jaeggi AV, van Noordwijk van MA, van Schaik CP (2008) Begging for information: Mother-offspring food sharing among wild Bornean orangutans. American Journal of Primatlogy 70: 533–541.
|
| [57] | Janik VM, Slater PJB (2000) The different roles of social learning in vocal communication. Anim Behav 60: 1–11.
|
| [58] | Fitch WT (2010) The evolution of language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
|
| [59] | Cheney DL, Seyfarth RM (1990) How Monkeys See the World. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
|
| [60] | Fichtel C, van Schaik CP (2006) Semantic differences in sifaka (Propithecus verreauxi) alarm calls: a reflection of genetic or cultural variants?. Ethology 112: 839–849.
|
