[1] | Fossey D (1972) Vocalizations of the mountain gorilla (Gorilla gorilla beringei). Animal Behaviour 20: 36–53.
|
[2] | Peterson RO, Jacobs AK, Drummer TD, Mech LD, Smith DW (2002) Leadership behavior in relation to dominance and reproductive status in gray wolves, Canis lupus. Canadian Journal of Zoology-Revue Canadienne De Zoologie 80: 1405–1412.
|
[3] | Reebs SG (2000) Can a minority of informed leaders determine the foraging movements of a fish shoal? Animal Behaviour 59: 403–409.
|
[4] | Faria JJ, Dyer JRG, Tosh CR, Krause J (2010) Leadership and social information use in human crowds. Animal Behaviour 79: 895–901.
|
[5] | Flack A, Pettit B, Freeman R, Guilford T, Biro D (2012) What are leaders made of? The role of individual experience in determining leader–follower relations in homing pigeons. Animal Behaviour 83: 703–709.
|
[6] | Krause J, Bumann D, Todt D (1992) Relationship between the position preference and nutritional state of individuals in schools of juvenile roach (Rutilus rutilus). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 30: 177–180.
|
[7] | Krause J (1993) The relationship between foraging and shoal position in a mixed shoal of roach (Rutilus rutilus) and chub (Leuciscus cephalus): a field study. Oecologia 93: 356–359.
|
[8] | Rands SA, Cowlishaw G, Pettifor RA, Rowcliffe JM, Johnstone RA (2003) Spontaneous emergence of leaders and followers in foraging pairs. Nature 423: 432–434.
|
[9] | Harcourt JL, Ang TZ, Sweetman G, Johnstone RA, Manica A (2009) Social feedback and the emergence of leaders and followers. Current Biology 19: 248–252.
|
[10] | Johnstone RA, Manica A (2011) Evolution of personality differences in leadership. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108: 8373–8378.
|
[11] | Harcourt JL, Sweetman G, Manica A, Johnstone RA (2010) Pairs of fish resolve conflicts over coordinated movement by taking turns. Current Biology 20: 156–160.
|
[12] | Nakayama S, Ojanguren AF, Fuiman LA (2011) Process-based approach reveals directional effects of environmental factors on movement between habitats. Journal of Animal Ecology 80: 1299–1304.
|
[13] | Harcourt JL, Sweetman G, Johnstone RA, Manica A (2009) Personality counts: the effect of boldness on shoal choice in three-spined sticklebacks. Animal Behaviour 77: 1501–1505.
|
[14] | Sueur C, Deneubourg J-L, Petit O, Couzin ID (2010) Differences in nutrient requirements imply a non-linear emergence of leaders in animal groups. PLoS Computational Biology 6: e1000917.
|
[15] | Ward AJW, Thomas P, Hart PJB, Krause J (2004) Correlates of boldness in three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 55: 561–568.
|
[16] | van Oers K, Klunder M, Drent PJ (2005) Context dependence of personalities: risk-taking behavior in a social and a nonsocial situation. Behavioral Ecology 16: 716–723.
|
[17] | Leblond C, Reebs SG (2006) Individual leadership and boldness in shoals of golden shiners (Notemigonus crysoleucas). Behaviour 143: 1263–1280.
|
[18] | Webster MM, Ward AJW, Hart PJB (2007) Boldness is influenced by social context in threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Behaviour 144: 351–371.
|
[19] | Magnhagen C, Bunnefeld N (2009) Express your personality or go along with the group: what determines the behaviour of shoaling perch? Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 276: 3369–3375.
|
[20] | Webster MM, Ward AJW (2011) Personality and social context. Biological Reviews 86: 759–773.
|
[21] | Dyer JRG, Johansson A, Helbing D, Couzin ID, Krause J (2009) Leadership, consensus decision making and collective behaviour in humans. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 364: 781–789.
|
[22] | King AJ, Johnson DDP, Van Vugt M (2009) The origins and evolution of leadership. Current Biology 19: R911–R916.
|
[23] | Kurvers RHJM, Eijkelenkamp B, van Oers K, van Lith B, van Wieren SE, et al. (2009) Personality differences explain leadership in barnacle geese. Animal Behaviour 78: 447–453.
|
[24] | Kurvers RHJM, Prins HHT, van Wieren SE, van Oers K, Nolet BA, et al. (2010) The effect of personality on social foraging: shy barnacle geese scrounge more. Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 277: 601–608.
|
[25] | Magnhagen C, Staffan F (2005) Is boldness affected by group composition in young-of-the-year perch (Perca fluviatilis)? Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 57: 295–303.
|
[26] | Pike TW, Samanta M, Lindstrom J, Royle NJ (2008) Behavioural phenotype affects social interactions in an animal network. Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 275: 2515–2520.
|
[27] | Couzin ID, Krause J, Franks NR, Levin SA (2005) Effective leadership and decision-making in animal groups on the move. Nature 433: 513–516.
|
[28] | Sumpter DJT (2006) The principles of collective animal behaviour. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 361: 5–22.
|
[29] | Ballerini M, Calbibbo N, Candeleir R, Cavagna A, Cisbani E, et al. (2008) Interaction ruling animal collective behavior depends on topological rather than metric distance: evidence from a field study. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105: 1232–1237.
|
[30] | Ward AJW, Sumpter DJT, Couzin LD, Hart PJB, Krause J (2008) Quorum decision-making facilitates information transfer in fish shoals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105: 6948–6953.
|
[31] | Nagy M, ákos Z, Biro D, Vicsek T (2010) Hierarchical group dynamics in pigeon flocks. Nature 464: 890–893.
|
[32] | Herbert-Read JE, Perna A, Mann RP, Schaerf TM, Sumpter DJT, et al. (2011) Inferring the rules of interaction of shoaling fish. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108: 18726–18731.
|
[33] | Katz Y, Tunstr?m K, Ioannou CC, Huepe C, Couzin ID (2011) Inferring the structure and dynamics of interactions in schooling fish. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108: 18720–18725.
|
[34] | Ward AJW, Herbert-Read JE, Sumpter DJT, Krause J (2011) Fast and accurate decisions through collective vigilance in fish shoals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108: 2312–2315.
|
[35] | Leca JB, Gunst N, Thierry B, Petit O (2003) Distributed leadership in semifree-ranging white-faced capuchin monkeys. Animal Behaviour 66: 1045–1052.
|
[36] | Jacobs A, Maumy M, Petit O (2008) The influence of social organisation on leadership in brown lemurs (Eulemur fulvus fulvus) in a controlled environment. Behavioural Processes 79: 111–113.
|
[37] | Stueckle S, Zinner D (2008) To follow or not to follow: decision making and leadership during the morning departure in chacma baboons. Animal Behaviour 75: 1995–2004.
|
[38] | Lewis JS, Wartzok D, Heithaus MR (2011) Highly dynamic fission-fusion species can exhibit leadership when traveling. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 65: 1061–1069.
|
[39] | King AJ, Sueur C, Huchard E, Cowlishaw G (2011) A rule-of-thumb based on social affiliation explains collective movements in desert baboons. Animal Behaviour 82: 1337–1345.
|
[40] | Petit O, Bon R (2010) Decision-making processes: the case of collective movements. Behavioural Processes 84: 635–647.
|
[41] | Rands SA (2010) Group-movement ‘initiation’ and state-dependent decision-making. Behavioural Processes 84: 668–670.
|
[42] | King AJ (2010) Follow me! I'm a leader if you do; I'm a failed initiator if you don't? Behavioural Processes 84: 671–674.
|
[43] | Borg B, Bornestaf C, Hellqvist A, Schmitz M, Mayer I (2004) Mechanisms in the photoperiodic control of reproduction in the stickleback. Behaviour 141: 1521–1530.
|