Extraction of Polyphenols and Anthocyanins from the Jambul (Syzygium cumini) Fruit Peels

In this work, the feasibility of using ultrasound alone and in combination with other techniques for the extraction of polyphenols and anthocyanins from jambul (Syzygiumcumini) peels was evaluated. The results were compared with conventional techniques (agitated bed and Soxhlet extraction techniques) based on total extract yields, total phenolic and monomeric anthocyanin concentrations in the extracts and the relative yields of these compounds. Ultrasound-assisted extraction was more efficient and selective for the extraction of anthocyanins than both conventional methods. When a combination of ultrasound and agitated bed extraction was used, a significant increase in total yields, and both polyphenol and anthocyanin concentrations was achieved. Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry analysis indicated that diglycosideanthocyanins (cyanidin-3,5-diglycoside, peonidin-3,5-diglycoside, delphinidin-3,5-diglycoside, petunidin-3,5-diglycoside and malvidin-3,5-diglycoside) were the main polyphenols present in the samples.