Microhaematuria and Proteinuria Performance as a Measured by Urine Reagent Strips in Estimating Intensity and Prevalence of Schistosomahaematobium Infection in Nigeria

Microhaematuria and proteinuria as measured by urine reagent strips are widely used to screen population at high risk of urinary schistosomiasis. This investigation was conducted to assess, if microhaematuria and proteinuria as measured by reagent strips could estimate intensity of Schistosomahaematobium infection in endemic areas and evaluate their screening performance among children in Benue State, Nigeria. A total of 1,124 urine samples were collected, screened for microhaematuria and proteinuria using reagent strips (Combi 9) and compared to filtration technique the gold standard method. A significant correlation was observed between microhaematuria (rho= 0.66, p<0.01), proteinuria (rho = 0.71, p<0.01) and intensity of Schistosomahaematobium eggs. Proteinuria had sensitivity of 95.7% and specificity of 67.7%, while microhaematuria had sensitivity of 64.8% and specificity of 89.6%. The proportion of false positive diagnoses was higher in proteinuria (19.6%) than microhaematuria (6.0%). The findings suggest that use of urine reagent strips could potentially estimate intensity of Schistosomahaematobium infection and their performance to screen urinary schistosomiasis agreed with previous observations.