Analysis of Routing Protocols in AD HOC and Sensor Wireless Networks Based on Swarm Intelligence

There are various bio inspired and evolutionary approaches including genetic programming (GP), Neural Network, Evolutionary programming (EP) exploited for routing optimization in MANETs and WSNs. The Swarm Intelligence based algorithmic approaches; Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) are more promising in providing loop free, energy-aware, and multi-path routing in mobile ad hoc and wireless sensor networks. There are various constraints involved in ad hoc and sensor networks protocols due to the mobility and non infrastructure nature of the system. We study in this research work a probabilistic performance evaluation frameworks and Swarm Intelligence approaches (PSO, ACO) for routing protocols. The performance evaluation metrics employed for wireless and ad hoc routing algorithms is , (a) routing overhead, (b) route optimality, and (c) energy consumption. This survey provides collection of Swarm Intelligence based algorithms for mobile ad hoc and sensor networks and their critical analysis. The study concludes that PSO and ACO based protocols are advantageous than other approaches applied for the routing optimization in ad hoc and wireless sensor networks.