Advances in iontophoresis for drug delivery

Iontophoresis is an exciting technology that was initially investigated 250 years ago. Simply defined, it is the application of an electrical potential that maintains a constant electric current across the skin or barrier that enhances the delivery of ionized as well as unionized moieties. In the past few years, different types of iontophoresis such as transdermal, ophthalmic, transungual, buccal, ural and transnasal iontophoresis have been reported. Each system has its own advantages and drawbacks. The review summarizes recent findings and applications of various iontophoresis techniques.