HIV manifestations in the head and neck

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and AIDS continue to create major changes in the practice of medicine. South Africa has the highest incidence of HIV- and AIDS-infected individuals in the world, with 5.3 million living with HIV and AIDS.1,2 The interpretation of HIV prevalence trends in South Africa is increasingly complex due to the simultaneous implementation of both preventive and treatment programmes. The number of individuals on antiretroviral treatment (ART) is rising, leading to improvement in survival rates.3 The longer survival rate influenced the way HIVassociated manifestations present, including the manifestations in the head and neck region.