Podstawy nowego modelu polityki historycznej: skutki Wielkiej Wojny… dla procesów narodotwórczych w Europie rodkowowschodniej w XX wieku

The article analyses the influence of nation-building processes in East-Central Europe on XX century politics, especially as the effect of Great War. East-Central Europe inhabitants at the end of XIX century - contrary to people living in Western Europe - had to face the dilemma: if modern nations in the area between Germany and Russia would develop as political-state based communities or if such entities would be bound mainly by ethnical-culture factors. In the article the effects of Great War on modern politics were analyzed. Firstly, the War has led to collapse or initiated the crisis of traditional multiethnic and multicultural empires (from Russian to Portuguese one). It has also determined the ontological status of nations - main agents legitimating so called nation state. Secondly, it has specified XX-century phenomenon of the political. In ontological sense, the division on several nations has become the way of the development of modern society and determined particular dimension of conflict of the political reality, which is the division on allied and hostile nation states. Thirdly, it has strengthened political subjectivity of nations considered as primary communities capable of independent actions from historical and modern point of view, which lead to the redefinition of the state's role as well as political power and politics. Three natures of politics have been modified: general, detailed, philosophical. In general dimension the essence of politics has become the run for power in the state and the exercise of power that sustains national integrity and protects national existence from external and internal threats. In the same way detailed politics has been perceived, which various aspects were taken as specialized activities aimed to solve social problems of the nation. The same perspective has dominated metapolitical activities. The nation, at the expense of other communities (religious, regional, labour-social, etc.) has become the category used by metapolitical agents in their evaluation of politics. The article concludes that the effects of Great War have led to revaluations East-Central Europe model of the memory politics. The nation state has been acclaimed as main agent of the history.