全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...
PLOS ONE  2009 

Effects of Endolithic Parasitism on Invasive and Indigenous Mussels in a Variable Physical Environment

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006560

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

Biotic stress may operate in concert with physical environmental conditions to limit or facilitate invasion processes while altering competitive interactions between invaders and native species. Here, we examine how endolithic parasitism of an invasive and an indigenous mussel species acts in synergy with abiotic conditions of the habitat. Our results show that the invasive Mytilus galloprovincialis is more infested than the native Perna perna and this difference is probably due to the greater thickness of the protective outer-layer of the shell of the indigenous species. Higher abrasion due to waves on the open coast could account for dissimilarities in degree of infestation between bays and the more wave-exposed open coast. Also micro-scale variations of light affected the level of endolithic parasitism, which was more intense at non-shaded sites. The higher levels of endolithic parasitism in Mytilus mirrored greater mortality rates attributed to parasitism in this species. Condition index, attachment strength and shell strength of both species were negatively affected by the parasites suggesting an energy trade-off between the need to repair the damaged shell and the other physiological parameters. We suggest that, because it has a lower attachment strength and a thinner shell, the invasiveness of M. galloprovincialis will be limited at sun and wave exposed locations where endolithic activity, shell scouring and risk of dislodgement are high. These results underline the crucial role of physical environment in regulating biotic stress, and how these physical-biological interactions may explain site-to-site variability of competitive balances between invasive and indigenous species.

References

[1]  Mack MC, Simberloff D, Lonsdale W, Evans H, Clout M, Bazzaz F (2000) Biotic invasions: causes, epidemiology, global consequences, and control. Ecol Appl 10: 689–710.
[2]  Lawton B, Brown WR (1986) The population and community ecology of invading insects. Philos. Trans R Soc Ser B 314: 607–617.
[3]  Ehrlich PR (1989) Attributes of invaders and the invading process. In: Drake JA, Mooney HA, di Castri F, Groves RH, Kruger FJ, Rejmanek M, Williamson , editors. Biological Invasions: a Global Perspective. Chichester: M John Wiley and Sons. pp. 315–328.
[4]  Davis MA, Grime JP, Thompson K (2000) Fluctuating resources in plant communities: a general theory of invasibility. J Ecol 88: 528–534.
[5]  Ruiz GM, Fofonoff PW, Carlton JT, Wonham MJ, Hines AH (2000) Invasion of coastal marine communities in North America: apparent patterns, processes, and biases. Annual Rev Ecol Syst 31: 481–531.
[6]  Darwin C (1859) On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. London: John Murray.
[7]  Dobson AP (1988) Restoring island ecosystems: the potential of parasites to control introduced mammals. Conserv Biol 2: 31–39.
[8]  Byers JE (2000) Competition between two estuarine snails: implications for invasions of exotic species. Ecology 81: 1225–39.
[9]  Torchin ME, Lafferty KD, Dobson AP, McKenzie VJ, Kuris AM (2003) Introduced species and their missing parasites. Nature 421: 628–30.
[10]  Smith S, Read DJ (1997) Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
[11]  Mitchell CE, Reich PB, Tilman D, Groth JV (2003) Effects of elevated CO2, nitrogen deposition, and decreased species diversity on foliar fungal plant disease. Glob Change Biol 9: 438–451.
[12]  DeWalt SJ, Denslow JS, Ickes K (2004) Natural-enemy release facilitates habitat expansion of the invasive and tropical shrub Clidemia hirta. Ecology 85: 471–483.
[13]  Dobson AD, Hudson PJ (1986) Parasites, disease and the structure of the ecological communities. Trends Ecol Evol 1: 11–145.
[14]  Torchin ME, Mitchell CE (2004) Parasites, pathogens, and invasions by plants and animals. Front Ecol Environ 2: 183–190.
[15]  Hudson PJ, Dobson AD, Newborn D (1998) Prevention of population cycles by parasite removal. Science 282: 2256–2258.
[16]  Kaehler S, McQuaid CD (1999) Lethal and sub-lethal effects of phototrophic endoliths attacking the shell of the intertidal mussel Perna perna. Mar Biol 135: 497–503.
[17]  Calvo-Ugarteburu C, McQuaid CD (1998a) Parasitism and invasive species: effects of digenetic trematodes on mussels. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 169: 149–163.
[18]  Gilbert GS (2002) Evolutionary ecology of plant diseases in natural ecosystems. Ann Rev Phytopathol 40: 13–43.
[19]  Holt RD, Lawton JH (1994) The ecological consequences of shared natural enemies. Annu Rev Ecol Syt 25: 495–520.
[20]  Tompkins DM, White AR, Boots M (2003) Ecological replacement of native red squirrels by invasive greys driven by disease. Ecol Lett 6: 1–8.
[21]  Pimm SL (1989) Theories of predicting success and impact of introduced species. In: Drake JA, Mooney HA, di Castri F, Groves RH, Kruger FJ, Rejmanek M, Williamson M, editors. Biological invasions: a global perspective. New York: John Wiley and Sons. pp. 351–388.
[22]  Ford SE (1996) Range extension by the oyster parasite Perkinsus marinus in the northeastern United States: response to climate change? J Shellfish Res 15: 45–56.
[23]  Robinson TB, Griffiths CL, McQuaid CD, Rius M (2005) Marine alien species of South Africa - status and impacts. Afr J Mar Sci 27: 297–306.
[24]  Bownes S, McQuaid CD (2006) Will the invasive mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck replace the indigenous Perna perna L. on the south coast of South Africa? J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 338: 140–151.
[25]  Torunski H (1979) Biological erosion and its significance for the morphogenesis of limestone coasts and for nearshore sedimentation (northern Adriatic). Senckenbergiana Maritima 11: 193–265.
[26]  Schneider J, Torunski H (1983) Biokarst on limestone coasts, morphogenesis and sediment production. Mar Ecol 4: 45–63.
[27]  Golubic S, Shneider J (2003) Microbial endoliths as internal biofilms. In: Krumbein WE, Dornieden T, Volkmann M, editors. Fossil and recent biofilms. pp. 249–263. Kluwer, Dordrecht.
[28]  Pantazidou A, Louvrou I, Economou-Amilli A (2006) Euendolithic shell-boring cyanobacteria and chlorophytes from the saline lagoon Ahivadolimni on Milos Island, Greece. Eur J Phycol 41: 189–200.
[29]  Bentis CJ, Kaufman L, Golubic S (2000) Endolithic fungi in reef-building corals (order: Scleractinia) are common, cosmopolitan, and potentially pathogenic. Biol Bull 198: 254–260.
[30]  Dunphy BJ, Wells RMG (2001) Endobiont infestation, shell strength and condition index in wild populations of New Zealand abalone, Haliotis iris. Mar freshwater Res 52: 781–786.
[31]  Alfaro A, Webb SC, Barnaby C (2008) Variability of growth, health, and population turnover within mussel beds of Perna canaliculus in northern New Zealand. Mar Biol Res 4: 376–383.
[32]  Geller JB (1990) Reproductive responses to shell damage by the gastropod Nucella emarginata. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 136: 77–87.
[33]  Ambariyanto A, Seed R (1991) The infestation of Mytilus edulis Linneaus by Polydora ciliata (Johnston) in the Conwy estuary, North Wales. J mollusc Stud 57: 413–424.
[34]  Thompson JN (2005) The Geographic Mosaic of Coevolution. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
[35]  Piculell BJ, Hoeksema JD, Thompson JN (2008) Interactions of biotic and abiotic environmental factors in an ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, and the potential for selection mosaics. BMC Biol 6: 23.
[36]  Kaehler S (1999) Incidence and distribution of phototrophic shell-degrading endoliths of the brown mussel Perna perna. Mar Biol 135: 505–514.
[37]  Raghukumar C, Sharma S, Lande V (1991) Distribution and biomass estimation of shell-boring algae in the intertidal at Goa, India. Phycologia 30: 303–309.
[38]  Webb SC, Korrubel JL (1994) Shell weakening in marine mytilids attributable to blue-green alga Mastigocoleus sp. (No-stochopsidaceae). J Shellfish Res 13: 11–17.
[39]  Golubic S, Perkins RD, Lukas KJ (1975) Boring microorganisms and borings in carbonate substrates. In: Frey RW, editor. The study of trace fossils. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. pp. 229–259.
[40]  May JA, Macintyre IG, Perkins RD (1982) Distribution of microborers within planted substrates along Barrier Reef Transect, Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. Smith Contr Mar Sci 12: 93–107.
[41]  Radtke G, Le Campion-Alsumard T, Golubic S (1996) The bioerosional notch along tropical limestone coasts. Algologic Stud 83: 469–482.
[42]  Perry CT, Macdonald IA (2002) Impacts of light penetration on the bathymetry of reef microboring communities: implications for the development of microendolithic trace assemblages. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 186: 101–113.
[43]  Gektidis M, Dubinsky Z, Goffredo S (2007) Microendoliths of the shallow euphotic zone in open and shaded habitats at 30°N – Eilat, Israel – paleoecological implications. Facies 53: 43–55.
[44]  Denny MW (1987) Lift as a mechanism of patch initiation in mussel beds. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 113: 231–245.
[45]  Davenport J, Chen X (1987) A companson of methods for the assessment of condition in the mussel (Mytilus edulis L.). J Molluscan Stud 53: 293–297.
[46]  Calvo-Ugarteburu MG, McQuaid CD (1998b) Parasitism and introduced species: epidemiology of trematodes in the intertidal mussels Perna perna and Mytilus galloprovincialis. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 220: 47–65.
[47]  Dove ADM (2000) Richness patterns in the parasite communities of exotic poeciliid fishes. Parasitology 120: 609–623.
[48]  Rius M, McQuaid CD (2006) Wave action and competitive interaction between the invasive mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and the indigenous Perna perna in South Africa. Mar Biol 150: 69–78.
[49]  Rius M, McQuaid CD (2009) Facilitation and competition between invasive and indigenous mussels over a gradient of physical stress. Basic Appl Ecol, in press.
[50]  van Erkom Schurink C, Griffiths CL (1993) Factors affecting relative rates of growth in four South African mussel species. Aquaculture 109: 257–273.
[51]  Nicastro KR, Zardi GI, McQuaid CD, Teske PR, Barker NP (2008) Coastal topography drives genetic structure in marine mussels. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 368: 189–195.
[52]  Glaub I (1994) Mikrobohrspuren in ausgew?hlten Ablagerungsr?umen des europ?ischen Jura und der Unterkreider. Cour Forsch.-inst Senckenberg 174: 1–324.
[53]  Vogel K, Gektidis M, Golubic S, Kiene WE, Radtke G (2000) Experimental studies on microbial bioerosion at Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas and One Tree Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia: implications for paleoecological reconstructions. Lethaia 33: 190–204.
[54]  Schneider J, Le Campion-Alsumard T (1999) Construction and deconstruction of carbonates by marine and freshwater cyanobacteria. Eur J Phycol 34: 417–426.
[55]  Paine RT, Levine SA (1981) Intertidal landscapes: disturbance and the dynamics of pattern. Ecol Monogr 51: 145–178.
[56]  Zuschin M, Stanton RJ Jr (2001) Experimental measurement of shell strength and its taphonomic interpretation. Palaios 16: 161–170.
[57]  Raubenheimer D, Cook P (1990) Effects of exposure to wave action on allocation of resources to shell and meat growth by the subtidal mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis. J Shellfish Res 9: 87–93.
[58]  Seed R, Suchanek TH (1992) Population and community ecology of Mytilus. In: Gosling EG, editor. The Mussel Mytilus: Ecology, Physiology, Genetics and Culture. NewYork: Elsevier. pp. 87–169.
[59]  Zardi GI, McQuaid CD, Nicastro KR (2007) Balancing survival and reproduction: seasonality of wave action, attachment strength and reproductive output in indigenous Perna perna and invasive Mytilus galloprovincialis mussels. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 334: 155–163.
[60]  Meden von der, Porri F, Erlandsson J, McQuaid CD (2008) Coastline topography affects the distribution of indigenous and invasive mussels. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 372: 135–145.
[61]  Waite JH (1992) The formation of mussel byssus: anatomy of a natural manufacturing process. In: Case BiopolymersST, editor. Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation. 19. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. pp. 27–54.
[62]  Griffiths CL, King JA (1979) Energy expended on growth and gonad output in the ribbed mussel Aulacomya ater. Mar Biol 53: 217–222.
[63]  Gardner JPA, Thomas MLH (1987) Growth, mortality and production of organic matter by a rocky intertidal population of Mytilus edulis in the Quoddy Region of the Bay of Fundy. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 39: 31–36.

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133