Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology and biopsy in the evaluation of lymphoma

Accurate diagnosis and subtyping of lymphoma have important prognostic implications and are generally required for treatmentplanning. Histological assessment, immunophenotyping, and genetic studies are usually necessary. Endoscopic ultrasoundguided-fine needle aspiration cytology (EUS-FNAC) is a minimally invasive technique widely used for the evaluation ofdeep-seated benign and malignant lesions. However, the value of cytological samples in lymphoma diagnosis is still a matter ofdebate. Endoscopic ultrasound guided-fine needle biopsy (EUS-FNAB) can provide tissue core samples that may help overcomethe limitations of cytology. The aim of this review is to summarize the available literature regarding EUS-FNAC and EUS-FNABfor the diagnosis and subtyping of lymphoma. In addition, we discuss its usefulness in the management of primary extra-nodallymphomas, as well as technical issues that may influence sample quality.