Energy use pattern in vegetable production under fadama in north central Nigeria

the aim of this research was to examine the energy use pattern, energy use efficiency and energy productivity for vegetable production under fadama or the seasonally flooded or floodable plains along major savanna rivers in north central nigeria. to achieve these objectives, the data for the production of four major vegetables produced under fadama (onion, tomato, sweet and hot pepper) were collected from 192 fadama farmers. the results show that tomato production was the most energy intensive among the four vegetables investigated. for all the vegetables, the usage of non-renewable energy inputs such as petrol and urea fertilizer was quite substantial as such, the efficiency of energy use and energy productivity were very low. the energy use efficiency were, 0.20, 0.10, 0.10 and 0.06, while the energy productivity were 0.25, 0.12, 0.13 and 0.07 for onion, tomato, sweet and hot pepper respectively. however, to enhance the energy use efficiency and energy productivity of the system, the usage of renewable energy inputs especially organic manure should be promoted. in addition, energy efficient water pumps should be introduced into the fadama communities.