Tupamaro de Caxamarca: tonadas sobre la muerte del Inca Atahualpa contenidas en el códice Martínez Compa？ón (1782-85)

throughout the colonial period a memory of the history of the andean tribes was created. this memory considered the inca empire as its main reference and the inca as its natural symbol. from the narration of the facts of the inca history, particularly those referring to the spanish conquest, sprang up the myth of the inca death to which contributed both conquerors and those who were conquered. during the eighthteenth century the death of the inca was presented in numerous theatrical performances accompanied with music. the codex martínez compa？ón (1782-85) consists of nine volumes with about 1500 color plates depicting different aspects of both the social life and the natural phenomena of the trujillo zone in peru. thirty eight plates, included in volume ii, are related directly or indirectly with music of oral tradition of the period. the original folio numbers of these plates are all preceded by the letter e, standing for '"estampa" (plate). a total of twenty scores appear between e. 176 though e. 193. judging from the title the text of the following two tunes -"e 188: allegro tonada el tupamaro, caxamarca" and "e. 191 (b): adagio tonada el tuppamaro de caxamarca"- could be related to the events of cajamarca leading to the capture and death of inca atahualpa. the same volume ii contains two other plates depicting the beheading of the inca: "danza de la degollación del inga e 172; e173". ifthis were the case these two tunes could be the only remaining musical fragments of the theatrical performances mentioned above. as a result of the analysis of these two scores we discovered that they could bear a relationship with other scores of the same codex on the basis of musical or text analogies which could be traced back to the tragic events of cajamarca. these scores are the following: "e. 191, magestuoso cachua la despedida de guamachuco"; "e. 190 allegro tonada la brugita para cantar de guamachuco" and "e. 187. andantino tonada eldiamante, para baylar de chachapoyas".