| [1] | World Health Organization (2008) Global tuberculosis control: Surveillance, planning, financing. Available: http://www.who.int/tb/publications/globa？l_report/2008/en/index.html. Accessed 30 May 2008.
|
| [2] | Espinal MA, Kim SJ, Suarez PG, Kam KM, Khomenko AG, et al. (2000) Standard short-course chemotherapy for drug-resistant tuberculosis: Treatment outcomes in 6 countries. JAMA 283: 2537–2545.
|
| [3] | World Health Organization (2008) Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in the world. Fourth global report. Available: http://www.who.int/tb/publications/2008/？drs_report4_26feb08.pdf. Accessed 30 May 2008.
|
| [4] | Mukherjee JS, Rich ML, Socci AR, Joseph JK, Virú FA, et al. (2004) Programmes and principles in treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Lancet 363: 474–481.
|
| [5] | World Health Organization (2006) Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB): Recommendations for prevention and control. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 81: 430–432.
|
| [6] | Raviglione MC, Smith IM (2007) XDR tuberculosis—Implications for global public health. N Engl J Med 356: 656–659.
|
| [7] | Gandhi NR, Moll A, Sturm AW, Pawinski R, Govender T, et al. (2006) Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis as a cause of death in patients co-infected with tuberculosis and HIV in a rural area of South Africa. Lancet 368: 1575–1780.
|
| [8] | Stop TB Partnership, World Health Organization (2000) Guidelines for establishing DOTS-PLUS pilot projects for the management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Available: http://www.who.int/tb/publications/2000/？en/index.html. Accessed 30 May 2008.
|
| [9] | Gupta R, Cegielski JP, Espinal MA, Henkens M, Kim JY, et al. (2002) Increasing transparency in partnerships for health—Introducing the Green Light Committee. Trop Med Int Health 7: 970–976.
|
| [10] | Gupta R, Kim JY, Espinal MA, Caudron JM, Pecoul B, et al. (2001) Responding to market failures in tuberculosis control. Science 293: 1049–1051.
|
| [11] | Nathanson E, Lambregts-van Weezenbeek C, Rich ML, Gupta R, Bayona J, et al. (2006) Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis management in resource-limited settings. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 1389–1397.
|
| [12] | Stop TB Partnership, World Health Organization (2006) Global plan to stop TB 2006–2015. Available: http://www.who.int/tb/publications/globa？l_plan_to_stop_tb/en/index.html. Accessed 30 May 2008.
|
| [13] | World Health Organization, Stop TB Partnership (2007) The Global MDR-TB & XDR-TB response plan 2007–2008. Available: http://www.who.int/entity/tb/publication？s/2007/mdr_xdr_global_response_plan.pdf. Accessed 30 May 2008.
|
| [14] | Gupta R, Espinal M (2003) A prioritised research agenda for DOTS-Plus for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 7: 410–414. Stop TB Working Group on DOTS-Plus for MDR-TB.
|
| [15] | Van Deun A, Salim MA, Das AP, Bastian I, Portaels F (2004) Results of a standardised regimen for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Bangladesh. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 8: 560–567.
|
| [16] | World Health Organization (2006) Guidelines for the programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Available: http://www.who.int/tb/publications/2006/？who_htm_tb_2006_361/en/index.html. Accessed 30 May 2008.
|
| [17] | Mitnick C, Bayona J, Palacios E, Shin S, Furin J, et al. (2003) Community-based therapy for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Lima, Peru. N Engl J Med 348: 119–128.
|
| [18] | Leimane V, Riekstina V, Holtz TH, Zarovska E, Skripconoka V, et al. (2005) Clinical outcome of individualised treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Latvia: A retrospective cohort study. Lancet 365: 318–326.
|
| [19] | Tupasi TE, Gupta R, Quelapio MID, Orillaza RB, Mira NR, et al. (2006) Feasibility and cost-effectiveness of treating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: A cohort study in the Philippines. PLoS Med 3: e352. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030352.
|
| [20] | Shin SS, Pasechnikov AD, Gelmanova IY, Peremitin GG, Strelis AK, et al. (2006) Treatment outcomes in an integrated civilian and prison MDR-TB treatment program in Russia. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 10: 402–408.
|
| [21] | Chiang CY, Enarson DA, Yu MC, Bai KJ, Huang RM, et al. (2006) Outcome of pulmonary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: A 6-yr follow-up study. Eur Respir J 28: 980–985.
|
| [22] | Furin JJ, Mitnick CD, Shin SS, Bayona J, Becerra MC, et al. (2001) Occurrence of serious adverse effects in patients receiving community-based therapy for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 5: 648–655.
|
| [23] | Nathanson E, Gupta R, Huamani P, Leimane V, Pasechnikov AD, et al. (2004) Adverse events in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: Results from the DOTS-Plus initiative. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 8: 1382–1384.
|
| [24] | Shin SS, Pasechnikov AD, Gelmanova IY, Peremitin GG, Strelis AK, et al. (2007) Adverse reactions among patients being treated for MDR-TB in Tomsk, Russia. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 11: 1314–1320.
|
| [25] | Resch SC, Salomon JA, Murray M, Weinstein MC (2006) Cost-effectiveness of treating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. PLoS Med 3: e241. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030241.
|
| [26] | Bai GH, Kim SJ, Chang CL (2007) Proficiency analysis of drug susceptibility testing by the national-level TB laboratories from 1995 to 2003. J Clin Microbiol 45: 3626–3630. National or Regional TB Reference Laboratories.
|
| [27] | Kim SJ (2005) Drug-susceptibility testing in tuberculosis: Methods and reliability of results. Eur Respir J 25: 564–569.
|
| [28] | Berning SE (2001) The role of fluoroquinolones in tuberculosis today. Drugs 61: 9–18.
|
| [29] | Cheng AF, Yew WW, Chan EW, Chin ML, Hui MM, et al. (2004) Multiplex PCR amplimer conformation analysis for rapid detection of gyrA mutations in fluoroquinolone-resistant clinical isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48: 596–601.
|
| [30] | Pai M, Kalantri S, Dheda K (2006) New tools and emerging technologies for the diagnosis of tuberculosis: Part II. Active tuberculosis and drug resistance. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 6: 423–432.
|
| [31] | Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (2006) FIND tuberculosis product deliverables 2006-2013. Available: http://www.finddiagnostics.org/activitie？s/tb/tb_pipeline.shtml. Accessed 17 September 2007.
|
| [32] | Fox W, Ellard GA, Mitchison DA (1999) Studies on the treatment of tuberculosis undertaken by the British Medical Research Council tuberculosis units, 1946–1986, with relevant subsequent publications. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 3: S231–S279.
|
| [33] | Rieder HL (2002) Interventions for tuberculosis control and elimination. International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. Available: http://www.tbrieder.org/publications/int？erventions_en.pdf. Accessed 30 May 2008.
|
| [34] | Spigelman MK (2007) New tuberculosis therapeutics: A growing pipeline. J Infect Dis 196(Suppl 1): S28–S34.
|
| [35] | Mitnick CD, Castro KG, Harrington M, Sacks LV, Burman W (2007) Randomized trials to optimize treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. PLoS Med 4: e292. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040292.
|
| [36] | Lalezari JP, Henry K, O’Hearn M, Montaner JS, Piliero PJ, et al. (2003) TORO 1 Study Group. Enfuvirtide, an HIV-1 fusion inhibitor, for drug-resistant HIV infection in North and South America. N Engl J Med 348: 2175–2185.
|
| [37] | Hicks CB, Cahn P, Cooper DA, Walmsley SL, Katlama C, et al. (2006) Durable efficacy of tipranavirritonavir in combination with an optimised background regimen of antiretroviral drugs for treatment-experienced HIV-1-infected patients at 48 weeks in the Randomized Evaluation of Strategic Intervention in multi-drug-resistant patients with Tipranavir (RESIST) studies: An analysis of combined data from two randomised open-label trials. Lancet 368: 466–475.
|
| [38] | Gulick RM, Su Z, Flexner C, Hughes MD, Skolnik PR, et al. (2007) Phase 2 study of the safety and efficacy of vicriviroc, a CCR5 inhibitor, in HIV-1-Infected, treatment-experienced patients: AIDS clinical trials group 5211. J Infect Dis 196: 304–312.
|
| [39] | Madruga JV, Cahn P, Grinsztejn B, Haubrich R, Lalezari J, et al. (2007) Efficacy and safety of TMC125 (etravirine) in treatment-experienced HIV-1-infected patients in DUET-1: 24-week results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 370: 29–38.
|
| [40] | Burman WJ, Goldberg S, Johnson JL, Muzanye G, Engle M, et al. (2006) Moxifloxacin versus ethambutol in the first 2 months of treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 174: 331–338.
|
| [41] | Wells CD, Cegielski JP, Nelson LJ, Laserson KF, Holtz TH, et al. (2007) HIV infection and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: The perfect storm. J Infect Dis 196(Suppl 1): S86–S107.
|
| [42] | US Department of Health and Human Services, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, The World Health Organization, The International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (2007) Tuberculosis infection control in the era of expanding HIV care and treatment. Addendum to WHO Guidelines for the prevention of tuberculosis in health care facilities in resource-limited settings. Available: http://www.who.int/tb/publications/2006/？tbhiv_infectioncontrol_addendum.pdf. Accessed 30 May 2008.
|
| [43] | Cobelens FG (2007) Tuberculosis risks for health care workers in Africa. Clin Infect Dis 44: 324–326.
|
| [44] | Escombe AR, Oeser CC, Gilman RH, Navincopa M, Ticona E, et al. (2007) Natural ventilation for the prevention of airborne contagion. PLoS Med 4: e68. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040068.
|
| [45] | Bock NN, Jensen PA, Miller B, Nardell E (2007) Tuberculosis infection control in resource-limited settings in the era of expanding HIV care and treatment. J Infect Dis 196(Suppl 1): S108–S113.
|
| [46] | Blower SM, McLean AR, Porco TC, Small PM, Hopewell PC, et al. (1995) The intrinsic transmission dynamics of tuberculosis epidemics. Nat Med 1: 815–821.
|
| [47] | Blower SM, Chou T (2004) Modeling the emergence of the ‘hot zones’: Tuberculosis and the amplification dynamics of drug resistance. Nat Med 10: 1111–1116.
|
| [48] | Goyal M, Shaw RJ, Banerjee DK, Coker RJ, Robertson BD, et al. (1997) Rapid detection of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Eur Respir J 10: 1120–1124.
|
| [49] | Bayona J, Chavez-Pachas AM, Palacios E, Llaro K, Sapag R, et al. (2003) Contact investigations as a means of detection and timely treatment of persons with infectious multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 7: S501–S509.
|
| [50] | Polesky A, Farbe HW, Gottlieb DJ, Park H, Levinson S, et al. (1996) Rifampin preventive therapy for tuberculosis in Boston's homeless. Am J Respir Crit. Care Med 154: 1473–1477.
|
| [51] | Caminero JA (2006) Treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: Evidence and controversies. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 10: 829–837. World Health Organization, American Thoracic Society, British Thoracic Society.
|
| [52] | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2003) Update: Adverse event data and revised American Thoracic Society/CDC recommendations against the use of rifampin and pyrazinamide for treatment of latent tuberculosis infection—United States, 2003. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 52: 735–739.
|
| [53] | Schaaf HS, Gie RP, Kennedy M, Beyers N, Hesseling PB, et al. (2002) Evaluation of young children in contact with adult multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis: A 30-month follow-up. Pediatrics 109: 765–771.
|
| [54] | Feuer C, Syed J, Harrington M, Huff B (2006) Tuberculosis research & development. A critical analysis. Treatment Action Group. Available: http://www.aidsinfonyc.org/tag/tbhiv/tbr？andd.pdf. Accessed 30 May 2008.
|
| [55] | NIAID Tuberculosis Working Group (2007) NIAID research agenda. Multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. Available: http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/topics/tubercu？losis/Research/PDF/MDRXDRTBresearchAgend？a06-06-07.pdf. Accessed 30 May 2008.
|
