| [1] | Spivak H, Prothrow-Stith D, Hausman AJ (1988) Dying is no accident. Adolescents, violence, and intentional injury. Pediatr Clin North Am 35: 1339–1347.
|
| [2] | Cohen L, Miller T, Sheppard MA, Gordon E, Gantz T, et al. (2003) Bridging the gap: bringing together intentional and unintentional injury prevention efforts to improve health and well being. J Safety Res 34: 473–483.
|
| [3] | [No authors listed] (2004) Global Status Report on Alcohol 2004. Geneva: World Health Organization Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse. Available: http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publi？cations/global_status_report_2004_overvi？ew.pdf. Accessed 2 April 2008.
|
| [4] | Gruenewald PJ, Ponicki WR, Holder HD (1993) The relationship of outlet densities to alcohol consumption: a time series cross-sectional analysis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 17: 38–47.
|
| [5] | Savola O, Niemela O, Hillbom M (2005) Alcohol intake and the pattern of trauma in young adults and working aged people admitted after trauma. Alcohol Alcohol 40: 269–273.
|
| [6] | Gruenewald PJ, Ponicki WR (1995) The relationship of the retail availability of alcohol and alcohol sales to alcohol-related traffic crashes. Accid Anal Prev 27: 249–259.
|
| [7] | Madan AK, Yu K, Beech DJ (1999) Alcohol and drug use in victims of life-threatening trauma. J Trauma 47: 568–571.
|
| [8] | Graham K, Turnbull W, La Rocque L (1979) Effects of alcohol on moral judgment. J Abnorm Psychol 88: 442–445.
|
| [9] | Borrill JA, Rosen BK, Summerfield AB (1987) The influence of alcohol on judgment of facial expression of emotion. Br J Med Psychol 60: 71–77.
|
| [10] | Langley JD, Kypri K, Stephenson SC (2003) Secondhand effects of alcohol use among university students: computerised survey. BMJ 327: 1023–1024.
|
| [11] | Dinh-Zarr T, Goss C, Heitman E, Roberts I, DiGuiseppi C (2004) Interventions for preventing injuries in problem drinkers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4: CD001857. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001857.pub2. Available: http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab001？857.html. Accessed 2 April 2008.
|
| [12] | Maclure M (1991) The case-crossover design: a method for studying transient effects on the risk of acute events. Am J Epidemiol 133: 144–153.
|
| [13] | Redelmeier DA, Tibshirani RJ (1997) Interpretation and bias in case crossover analysis. J Clin Epi 50: 1281–1287.
|
| [14] | Langlois JA, Buechner JS, O'Connor EA, Nacar EQ, Smith GS (1995) Improving the E coding of hospitalizations for injury: do hospital records contain adequate documentation. Am J Public Health 85: 1261–1265.
|
| [15] | LeMier M, Cummings P, West TA (2001) Accuracy of external cause of injury codes reported in Washington State hospital discharge records. Inj Prev 7: 334–338.
|
| [16] | [No authors listed] (2005) LCBO Annual Report 2004–05. Toronto, Ontario: LCBO Corporate Communications. Available: http://www.lcbo.com/images/pdfs/lcbo_an_？report.pdf. Accessed 2 June 2006.
|
| [17] | Beverage Alcohol System Review Panel (2005) Strategy for transforming Ontario's beverage alcohol system. Toronto: Beverage Alcohol System Review. Available: http://www.fin.gov.on.ca/english/consult？ations/basr/report.html. Accessed 4 April 2008.
|
| [18] | Stockwell T, Masters L, Philips M, Daly A, Gahegan M, et al. (1998) Consumption of different alcoholic beverages as predictors of local rates of night-time assault and acute alcohol-related morbidity. Aust N Z J Public Health 22: 237–242.
|
| [19] | Wieczorek WF, Hanson CE (1997) New modeling methods: geographic information systems and spatial analysis. Alcohol Health Res World 21: 331–339.
|
| [20] | Janes H, Sheppard L, Lumley T (2005) Overlap bias in the case-crossover design, with application to air pollution exposures. Stat Med 24: 285–300.
|
| [21] | Colhoun H, Ben-Shlomo Y, Dong W, Bost L, Marmot M (1997) Ecological analysis of collectivity of alcohol consumption in England: importance of average drinker. BMJ 314: 1164–1168.
|
| [22] | Sugar NF, Fine DN, Eckert LO (2004) Physical injury after sexual assault: findings of a large case series. Am J Obstet Gynecol 190: 71–76.
|
| [23] | Smith PF, Remington PL, Williamson DF, Anda RF (1990) A comparison of alcohol sales data with survey data on self-reported alcohol use in 21 states. Am J Public Health 80: 309–312.
|
| [24] | Gmel G, Graham K, Kuendig H, Kuntsche S (2006) Measuring alcohol consumption—should the “graduated frequency” approach become the norm in survey research. Addiction 101: 16–30.
|
| [25] | Stockwell T, Donath S, Cooper-Stanbury M, Chikritzhs T, Catalano P, et al. (2004) Under-reporting of alcohol consumption in household surveys: a comparison of quantity-frequency, graduated-frequency and recent recall. Addiction 99: 1024–1033.
|
| [26] | Harrison PA, Fulkerson JA, Park E (2000) The relative importance of social versus commercial sources in youth access to tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs. Prev Med 31: 39–48.
|
| [27] | Budd T (2003) Alcohol-related assault: findings from the British Crime Survey (2003). London: Research, Development and Statistics Directorate, British Home Office. Available http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs2/r？dsolr3503.pdf. Accessed 26 May 2006.
|
| [28] | Borges G, Cherpitel CJ, MacDonald S, Giesbrecht N, Stockwell T, et al. (2004) A case-crossover study of acute alcohol use and suicide attempt. J Stud Alcohol 65: 708–714.
|
| [29] | Haggard-Grann U, Hallqvist J, Langstrom N, Moller J (2006) The role of alcohol and drugs in triggering criminal violence: a case-crossover study. Addiction 101: 100–108.
|
| [30] | Foster SE, Vaughan RD, Foster WH, Califano JA Jr. (2003) Alcohol consumption and expenditures for underage drinking and adult excessive drinking. JAMA 289: 989–995.
|
| [31] | Rossow I, Romelsjo A (2006) The extent of the “prevention paradox” in alcohol problems as a function of population drinking patterns. Addiction 101: 84–90.
|
| [32] | Redelmeier DA, Fuchs VR (1993) Hospital expenditures in the United States and Canada. N Engl J Med 328: 772–778.
|
| [33] | Rehm J, Room R, Monteiro M, Gmel G, Graham K, et al. (2003) Alcohol as a risk factor for global burden of disease. Eur Addict Res 9: 157–164.
|
| [34] | Zhang L, Welte JW, Wieczorek WW (2002) The role of aggression-related alcohol expectation in explaining the link between alcohol and violent behavior. Subst Use Misuse 37: 457–471.
|
| [35] | Tryggvesson K Bullock (2006) Is it a fight or are they just drunk? Attributions about drunken behaviour in hypothetical male-to-male aggression scenario. J Scand Stud Criminol Crime Prev 7: 61–77.
|
| [36] | DeJong W, Hingson R (1998) Strategies to reduce driving under the influence of alcohol. Annu Rev Public Health 19: 359–378.
|
| [37] | Casswell S, Maxwell A (2005) What works to reduce alcohol-related harm and why aren't the policies more popular. Soc Pol J N Zealand 25: 118–141.
|
| [38] | Giesbrecht N (2000) Roles of commercial interests in alcohol policies: recent developments in North America. Addiction 95: 581–595.
|
| [39] | Coate Douglas, Grossman Michael (1988) Effects of alcoholic beverage prices and legal drinking ages on youth alcohol use. J Law Econ 31: 145–171.
|
| [40] | Grossman M, Markowitz S (1999) Alcohol regulation and violence on college campuses. NBER Working Papers 7129. Cambridge (Massachusetts): National Bureau of Economic Research. Available: http://www.nber.org/papers/w7129. Accessed 2 April 2008.
|
| [41] | National Alcohol Strategy Working Group (2007) Reducing Alcohol-Related Harm in Canada: Toward a Culture of Moderation—Recommendations for a National Alcohol Strategy. Ottawa: Drug Strategy and Controlled Substances Programme, Health Canada. Available: http://www.ccsa.ca/NR/rdonlyres/AB35A74F？-2491–4CD0-8CD7–31F3897BDBBD/0/ccsa02387？62007.pdf. Accessed 27 November 2007.
|
| [42] | Zhu L, Gorman DM, Horel S (2004) Alcohol outlet density and violence: a geospatial analysis. Alcohol Alcohol 39: 369–375.
|
| [43] | Gruenewald PJ, Freisthler B, Remer L, Lascala EA, Treno A (2006) Ecological models of alcohol outlets and violent assaults: crime potentials and geospatial analysis. Addiction 101: 666–677.
|
| [44] | Norstr？m T, Skog OJ (2005) Saturday opening of alcohol retail shops in Sweden: an experiment in two phases. Addiction 100: 767–776.
|
| [45] | Ker K, Chinnock P (2006) Interventions in the alcohol server setting for preventing injuries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2:CD005244. Available: http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab005？244.html. Accessed 2 April 2008.
|
| [46] | Chikritzhs T, Stockwell T (2002) The impact of later trading hours for Australian public houses (hotels) on levels of violence. J Stud Alcohol 63: 591–599.
|
| [47] | Stewart K (2005) How alcohol outlets affect neighborhood violence. Berkeley: Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation. Available: http://resources.prev.org/documents/Alco？holViolenceGruenewald.pdf. Accessed 27 February 2008.
|
