TEORíAS ABSOLUTAS DE LA PENA: ORIGEN Y FUNDAMENTOS: CONCEPTOS Y CRíTICAS FUNDAMENTALES A LA TEORíA DE LA RETRIBUCIóN MORAL DE IMMANUEL KANT A PROPóSITO DEL NEO-RETRIBUCIONISMO Y DEL NEO-PROPORCIONALISMO EN EL DERECHO PENAL ACTUAL

within the realm of the discussion about the aims of the sanction and the reappearance of the absolute theories, the present article develops the origin and the foundations of such theories. it also examines the main postulates of immanuel kant's theory of moral retribution, so as to finally develop the most important criticism to kant's theory and to the neo retributism.