Fisiología cardiovascular aplicada en caninos con insuficiencia cardiaca

congestive heart failure is related to abnormal ventricular contraction and relaxation. recent publications show that the alteration of systolic and diastolic function coexists in most patients with heart diseases. there are currently several ambiguities in the daily use of clinical and physiological terms regarding this topic. this paper aims to review certain physiological concepts of the cardiovascular system.