Hipovitaminosis D: afectaciones no clásicas

vitamin d deficiency is prevalent worlwide and affects people of all ages. calcium intestinal absorption regulation along with calcium, phosphorous and bone homeostasis are most important vitamin d roles. raquitism is commonly associated with vitamin d deficiency in children. vitamin d deficiency related diseases varies from osteomalacia to hyperparathyroidism (with bone loss and increased risks of falls and fractures) in adults. besides this well known actions, vitamin d regulates the growth and differentiation of smooth muscle cells, regulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, promotes the release of insulin, regulates cell growth and stimulates the differentiation of monocytes-macrophages, antigen presenting cells, dendritic cells and lymphocytes. in recent years, many authors have linked to hypovitaminosis d with autoimmune diseases, type2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and cancer among others diseases. these not traditionally vitamin d deficiency associated conditions are going to be subjects for this review.