Regulación molecular del cartílago articular en función de las cargas mecánicas y el proceso osteoartrósico: una revisión teórica

a review of the main responses of articular cartilage to mechanical loads was presented , the literature reported that chondrocytes manifested changes and expressed biological molecules in response to compression or to fluid hydrostatic pressure, which can cause biochemical changes in cells and hence in the cartilage. the objective of this review was to present the state-of-the art in the relations between mechanical loads and the damage occurred at articular cartilage-osteoarthritis oa. the relationship among cyclic mechanical loads, the hydrostatic pressure and the expression by a set of proteins that facilitate the process of consolidation of the articular cartilage, leading to altered properties of the tissue was shown. recent studies in this field show how the mmp13 y del cbfa1/runx2 expressions are mechanisms favoring vegf action and the osteogenesis process. on the other hand, the sox9 expression supports the cartilage protection. the conclusions of the present paper allow new research work in the field of gene expression and other biochemical aspects involved in the tissue's response to loads as well as the impact of these processes in the articular cartilage damage. likewise, the fundamentals to plan in vivo or in vitro research works that delve into this topic were offered. this article represents the theoretical basis for a mathematical model of the articular cartilage′s behavior, which will be the subject of another article by the same authors.