Se？ales en la interacción planta insecto

plants require a broad range of defense mechanisms to effectively combat invasion by microbial pathogens or attack by herbivorous insects. these mechanisms include pre-existing physical and chemical barriers, as well as inducible defense responses that become activated upon pathogen infection or insect herbivory. a concerted action of these defensive activities helps the plant to minimize damage caused by the attacker. in addition to localized defenses, plants possess various inducible defense mechanisms that establish an enhanced defensive capacity in plant parts distant from the site of primary attack, thereby protecting the plant systemically against subsequent invasion. however, so far little is known about how plants integrate signals generated by different inducers of resistance into specific defense responses.