Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae is the main etiology of bacterial pneumonia and may additionally cause invasive infections such as meningitis and sepsis, as well as non-invasive ones like sinusitis and otitis media. Aim: To enable early detection of pneumococcal pneumonia using urinary antigen test (UAT (as a non-invasive and rapid screening tool for better management. Patients and methods: This prospective observational research has been...

Biochemistry 

Background: Endometrial hyperplasia (EH) is a proliferative disorder of the endometrial lining, primarily resulting from prolonged unopposed estrogen exposure. It is a recognized precursor to endometrial carcinoma, particularly among perimenopausal women. The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) has proven to be an efficient, localized hormonal management for endometrial hyperplasia, particularly for non-atypical types.
Objective: This review article aime...

Biochemistry 

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has possible value in early breast cancer identification. Recently, magnetic resonance imaging was utilized as a supplementary investigation technique for breast screening in elevated-possibility populations.
Aim: This study aimed to offer an enhanced diagnosis rate of cancer, a reduced scan period, and a reduced expense compared to full diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging through abbreviated guidelines for br...

Biochemistry 

Background: Reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) was only established method to limit rate at which damage progresses in glaucoma, a chronic, multifactorial optic neuropathy. Objectives: This study aimed to determine how transscleral subthreshold diode laser treatment [photobiomodulation (PBM)] affects individuals with primary open angle glaucoma. Subjects and methods: Ophthalmology departments, Clinics at Bab El-Shariyia University Hospital, E...

Biochemistry 

Background: The motor impairment in cerebral palsy (CP) has an impact on posture and movement.？ Motor function and general well-being in children with spastic diplegic CP depend on trunk control. Fully-immersive virtual reality (VR) training may be a valuable additional therapy for habilitation of trunk control and balance in children with diplegic CP. Purpose: This study aimed to explore the effect of fully-immersive VR training on trunk control and balance in ...

Biochemistry 

Background: The creation of a native arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a crucial procedure for patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD). Doppler ultrasound (DUS) has recently been acknowledged as a standard method for vascular mapping, however it has been noted that there is a lack of evidence to support this recommendation. Objective: This study aimed to determine the efficacy of DUS in detecting the expected parameters associated with the maturation of AVFs in HD ...

Biochemistry 

Background: With low rates of reoperation, perioperative morbidity, and short-term mortality, minimally restricted right anterior thoracotomy mitral valve surgery has proven to be a viable alternative to the traditional complete sternotomy procedure.？ Minimally invasive procedures are still being promoted as a way to reduce surgical trauma. Objective:Comparing between right anterior thoracotomy versus median sternotomy for mitral valve replacem...

Biochemistry 

Background: Evaluation of the anterior chamber angle (ACA) is vital for glaucoma diagnosis, management, and prevention, especially in individuals with ocular hypertension (OHT) where mechanical stress can alter the iris and trabecular meshwork. While, gonioscopy is essential for assessing this angle, anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) offers a more comfortable and objective quantitative evaluation. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the ...

Biochemistry 

Background: Septic shock is distinguished by vasodilation, hypotension, and hyperdynamic circulation, leading to reflex tachycardia as a compensatory response. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and inflammatory mediators (e.g., catecholamines, cytokines) drive increased heart rate (HR) to preserve cardiac output (CO) in response to low systemic vascular resistance (SVR). Persistent tachycardia (>100–120 bpm) is common and may be harmful if prolonged. A lot of consequences inc...

Biochemistry 

Background: Inguinal hernia repair is a pillar of general surgery procedures. Objective: The study aimed to compare Desarda repair for primary inguinal hernia with the Lichtenstein repair Methodology: 158 out of 196 patients with 1^ry inguinal hernia were allocated to have repair with the Desarda technique or Lichtenstein one and completed a 5-year follow-up and underwent analysis for postoperative complications, recurrence, chronic ...

Biochemistry