the aim of this paper is to discuss the emergence and establishment of a "culture of immunization" in the contemporary brazil from the eradication of smallpox. this culture is associated with a long process of introduction of vaccines, vaccination campaigns and mass vaccination undertaken by the brazilian government since the late nineteenth century. particular importance is attributed to the campaign to eradicate smallpox in brazil (1966-1973). the experience of mass vaccination of the population against smallpox is contrasted with episodes of resistance as the "revolt against the vaccine", and regarded as crucial in shaping new policies and new understandings about the role of immunization in public health and its place in society brazil.
