A hallmark of bacterial populations cultured in vitro is their homogeneity of growth, where the majority of cells display identical growth rate, cell size and content. Recent insights, however, have revealed that even cells growing in exponential growth phase can be heterogeneous with respect to variables typically used to measure cell growth. Bacterial heterogeneity has important implications for how bacteria respond to environmental stresses, such as antibiotics. The phenomenon of antimicrobia...

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Doi:10.1016/j.ohx.2021.e00249

Population-scale and rapid testing for SARS-CoV-2 continues to be a priority for several parts of the world. We revisit the in vitro technology platforms for COVID-19 testing and diagnostics—molecular tests and rapid antigen tests, serology or antibody tests, and tests for the management of COVID-19 patients. Within each category of tests, we review the commercialized testing platforms, their analyzing systems, specimen collection protocols, testing methodologies, supply chain logistics, and rel...

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Doi:10.3390/s21196581

Introduction:Klebsilla pneumoniae isoneofmust opportunisticpathogens that causesnosocomial infection, UTI,respiratory tract infections and blood infections.ZrO2nanoparticleshave antimicrobial activityagainst some pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Ceftazidimeis one of third generation cephalosporinsgroups of antibiotecs, characterized by its broad spectrum on bacteria in general and particularly on Enterobacteriaceaefamily like Klebsiellaspp.Method:DiverseclinicalsamplesofKle...

Public Health  Epidemiology  Global Health  Infectious Diseases  Immunology 

Doi:-

Background: Due to the declining innovativeness of the classic R & D model in the original pharmaceutical industry, the generic pharmaceutical industry is aiming to become an innovation generator itself. Objective: The objective of this article is to gain insight into the re-innovation model in some of the innovative generic pharmaceutical firms. To this effect, we show how some of the generic pharmaceutical firms attempt to achieve competitive advantages either by improving existing product att...

Pharmacology  Public Health  Biotechnology  Health Policy  Global Health  Immunology 

Doi:10.5639/gabij.2013.0201.011

An editorial article can be about anything and from any standpoint. Articles come in all shapes and sizes. They are in Medical Journals, Newspapers, Magazines, and Posted on the Internet. They cover any and every topic imaginable. As long as you have an opinion and can support it with facts, you have the makings of an interesting piece. We all have opinions, right? Yet not all of us are editorial writers and not all editorials are worth reading. Despite the wide variety, there are guidelines to ...

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It has been well-known that several microorganisms that have an effect on particular areas of the body might additionally have systemic sequelae. In the last ten years, various studies have been performed on the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and a variety of extra digestive illnesses including immunological, hematological, neurological disorders and different pathologies. It has been recommended that complicated interactions between bacterial and host genetic factors, as wel...

Allergy & Clinical Immunology  Infectious Diseases  Immunology  Rheumatology 

Doi:10.5455/jicm.10.20160627

Background: The role played by blood transfusion in the spread of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the Democratic Republic Congo (DRC) is a concern. HCV was detected in late 2004 among blood donors in the DRC, and few data are available on HCV in Kisangani. Determining the sero-prevalence of HCV among blood donors is essential. Patients and methods: 1247 échantillons de sang prélevés chez tous les donneurs bénévoles ayant fait don de sang du ao？t 2005 au 30 avril 2006 au Centre Provincial de Transfusi...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: In recent years the efficacy of BCG vaccine against tuberculosis has been questioned and there is no alternative vaccine available. Several strategies are being applied to get a satisfactory vaccine. Two approaches are generally considered: the subunit vaccines and the whole cell vaccines. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate an avirulent mycobacteria, Mycobacterium habana, as a whole cell vaccine to protect mice from infection of M. tuberculosis H37Rv. M...