The success of orthognathic surgery depends on careful preparation preoperatively, accurate operative plan implementation and prevention of postoperative relapse. In general, preoperative plan is the most important step of the workflow process of orthognathic procedures. After years of clinical validation and feedback, traditional surgical planning TSP has been the standard procedure before orthognathic surgery. However, obvious limitations have been observed in TSP, especially in the treatment planning for complex dentofacial deformities. Minor errors may accumulate during the various steps of conventional articulator model surgery and it can lead to errors during surgery. The development of computer-aided surgical simulation represents a revolution in surgical planning to overcome many limitations of TSP. In these protocols, computerized reconstructed skull models are generated to accurately represent the skeleton, dentition, and soft tissues of the face. Virtual surgical planning VSP allows surgeons to design individually adapted osteotomy plans and evaluate different surgical scenarios. The main purpose of this article was to compare traditional surgical planning and virtual surgical planning in orthognathic surgery by highlighting the advantages and limits of each technique.
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