Statement of Problem: Well bonding of fiber posts inside the root canal is based on the formation of hybrid layer (HL). After mechanical post space preparation, final rinse with irrigants before fiber post cementation is used to dissolve the smear layer and encourage the formation of HL. The purpose of this review was to investigate the effects of pretreatment of the root canal using different irrigants on push-out bond strength of luted fiber posts. Material and Methods: A computerized literature search for studies based on English-language was conducted on PubMed between 2012 and 2022. Results: Thirty-five studies met the eligibility criteria. The most studied surface treatments were NaOCl, CHX, EDTA, and the association NaOCl with EDTA. The results were highly contentious. But most dentin surface treatments and bonding systems used have strengthened the bond between the posts and the dentin surface. Conclusion: The review found insufficient evidence to conclude on the best final rinse irrigator. Additional studies with test standardization and well-reported randomized clinical studies considering occlusal forces and tooth position in the arch are required.
Cite this paper
Moussaoui, H. , Mesbahi, N. E. , Nadour, M. and Bennani, A. (2023). Effect of Different Final Irrigants Applied on Intraradicular Dentin on the Bond Strength to Fiber Post: A Review. Open Access Library Journal, 10, e309. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1110309.
Khamverdi, Z., Damavandi, L.Y. and Kasraei, S. (2014) Effect of Cyclic Loading on Bond Strength of Fiber Posts to Root Canal Dentin. Journal of Dentistry (Tehran, Iran), 11, 85-92.
Bitter, K., Aschendorff, L., Neumann, K., Blunck, U. and Sterzenbach, G. (2014) Do Chlorhexidine and Ethanol Improve Bond Strength and Durability of Adhesion of Fiber Posts inside the Root Canal? Clinical Oral Investigations, 18, 927-934.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-013-1040-1
Mjor, I.A., Smith, M.R., Ferrari, M. and Mannoci, F. (2001) The Structure of Dentine in the Apical Region of Human Teeth. International Endodontic Journal, 34, 346-353. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2591.2001.00393.x
Dietschi, D., Duc, O., Krejci, I. and Sadan, A. (2008) Biomechanical Considerations for the Restoration of Endodontically Treated Teeth: A Systematic Review of the Literature, Part II (Evaluation of Fatigue Behavior, Interfaces, and in Vivo Studies). Quintessence International, 39, 117-129.
Ferrari, M., Vichi, A., Fadda, G.M., Cagidiaco, M.C., Tay, Breschi, L., Polimeni, A. and Goracci, C. (2012) A Randomized Controlled Trial of Endodontically Treated and Restored Premolars. Journal of Dental Research, 91, 72S-78S.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034512447949
Erafino, C., Gallina, G., Cumbo, E. and Ferrari, M. (2004) Surface Debris of Canal Walls after Post Space Preparation in Endodontically Treated Teeth: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, 97, 381-387.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2003.10.004
Ferrari, M., Vichi, A., Grandini, S. and Goracci, C. (2001) Efficacy of a Self-Curing Adhesive-Resin Cement System on Luting Glass-Fiber Posts into Root Canals: An SEM Investigation. The International Journal of Prosthodontics, 14, 543-549.
Ferrari, M., Mannocci, F., Vichi, A., Cagidiaco, M.C. and Mjor, I.A. (2000) Bonding to Root Canal: Structural Characteristics of the Substrate. American Journal of Dentistry, 13, 255-260.
Haragushiku, G.A., Back, E.D.E.E., Tomazinho, P.H., Baratto Filho, F. and Furuse, A.Y. (2015) Influence of Antimicrobial Solutions in the Decontamination and Adhesion of Glass-Fiber Posts to Root Canals. Journal of Applied Oral Science: Revista FOB, 23, 436-441. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-775720150005
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D.G. and PRISMA Group (2009) Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. PLOS Medicine, 6, e1000097.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
Sarkis-Onofre, R., Skupien, J.A., Cenci, M.S., Moraes, R.R. and Pereira-Cenci, T. (2014) The Role of Resin Cement on Bond Strength of Glass-Fiber Posts Luted into Root Canals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of in Vitro Studies. Operative Dentistry, 39, E31-E44. https://doi.org/10.2341/13-070-LIT
Al Fawaz, Y.F. and Alonaizan, F.A. (2019) Efficacy of Phototherapy in the Adhesive Bonding of Different Dental Posts to Root Dentin: A Systematic Review. Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, 27, 111-116.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.05.024
Bin-Shuwaish, M.S. (2020) Impact of Photodynamic Therapy on the Push-Out Bond Strength of Fiber Posts to Root Dentin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, 32, Article ID: 102010.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102010
Chaudhary, A., Kumar, M. and Taneja, S. (2018) Evaluation of the Effect of Calcium Hydroxide and Endodontic Irrigants on the Push-Out Bond Strength of Fiber Post—An in Vitro Study. Clujul Medical, 91, 458-461.
https://doi.org/10.15386/cjmed-999
Baruwa, A.O., Mazzitelli, C., Maravic, T., Martins, J.N.R., Mazzoni, A. and Ginjeira, A. (2022) In Situ Zymography Analysis of Matrix Metalloproteinases Activity Following Endodontic Irrigation Protocols and Correlation to Root Dentine Bond Strength. Polymers, 14, Article No. 3567. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14173567
Haralur, S.B., Alasabi, A.N., Al Qahtani, S.A. and Alqahtani, S.M. (2017) Influence of Irrigating Agents on Fiber Postpush-Out Bond Strength to Radicular Dentin Sections with the Different Adhesive System. European Journal of Dentistry, 11, 380-384. https://doi.org/10.4103/ejd.ejd_280_16
Grassi, F.R., Pappalettere, C., Di Comite, M., Corsalini, M., Mori, G., Ballini, A., Crincoli, V., Pettini, F., Rapone, B. and Boccaccio, A. (2012) Effect of Different Irrigating Solutions and Endodontic Sealers on Bond Strength of the Dentin—Post Interface with and without Defects. International Journal of Medical Sciences, 9, 642-654. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.4998
Lindblada, R.M., Lassilac, L.N.J., Salod, V., Vallittuc, P.K. and Tjaderhane, L. (2012) One Year Effect of Chlorhexidine on Bonding of Fibre-Reinforced Composite Root Canal Post to Dentine. Journal of Dentistry, 40, 718-722.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2012.05.002
Egilmez, F., Ergun, G., Cekic-Nagas, I., Vallittu, P.K. and Lassila, V.J. (2013) Bond Strength of Self-Adhesive Resin Cements to Dentin after Antibacterial and Chelating Solution Treatment. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 71, 22-31.
https://doi.org/10.3109/00016357.2011.645215
Almadi, K., Alkahtany, M., Alamam, Y., Alaql, F., Alaqil, A., Almutairi, M. and Thafrah, S.M.B. (2020) Influence of Propolis, Ozone and Photodynamic Therapy in Root Canal Disinfection on Resin Bond Strength to Radicular Dentin. Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, 33, Article ID: 102131.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102131
Bitter, K., Hambarayan, A., Neumann, K., Blunck, U. and Sterzenbach, G. (2013) Various Irrigation Protocols for Final Rinse to Improve Bond Strengths of Fiber Posts inside the Root Canal. European Journal of Oral Sciences, 121, 349-354.
https://doi.org/10.1111/eos.12057
Garcia, C., Ruales-Carrera, E., Prates, L.H. and Volpato, C.A. (2018) Effect of Different Irrigations on the Bond Strength of Self-Adhesive Resin Cement to Root Dentin. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry, 10, e139-e145.
https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.54459
Culhaoglu, A.K., Özcan, E., Kilicarslan, M.A. and Seker, E. (2017) Effect of Boric Acid versus Conventional Irrigation Solutions on the Bond Strength between Fiber Post and Root Dentin. The Journal of Adhesive Dentistry, 19, 137-146.
Alkhudhairy, F.I., Yaman, P., Dennison, J., McDonald, N., Herrero, A. and Bin-Shuwaish, M.S. (2018) The Effects of Different Irrigation Solutions on the Bond Strength of Cemented Fiber Posts. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry, 10, 221-230. https://doi.org/10.2147/CCIDE.S155688
Akman, M., Eldeniz, A.U., Ince, S. and Guneser, M.B. (2016) Push-Out Bond Strength of a New Post System after Various Post Space Treatments. Dental Materials Journal, 35, 876-880. https://doi.org/10.4012/dmj.2015-372
Aljamhan, A.S., Alrefeai, M.H., Alhabdan, A., Alkhudhairy, F., Abrar, E. and Alhusseini, S.A. (2021) Push out Bond Strength of Glass Fiber Post to Radicular Dentin Irrigated with Nisin and MTAD Compared to Methylene Blue Photodynamic Therapy. Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, 34, Article ID: 102304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102304
Alkhudhairy, F.I. and Bin-Shuwaish, M.S. (2016) Pak the Effect of Sodium Hypochlorite and Resin Cement Systems on Push-Out Bond Strength of Cemented Fiber Posts. Journal of Medical Science, 32, 905-910.
https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.324.10235
Ciapala, B., Gorowski, K., Ryniewicz, W., Glaa, A. and Loster, J.E. (2021) The Effect of Root Canal Rinsing Protocol on the Push-Out Bond Strength to the Dentin Cementation of the Fiber Post. Folia Medica Cracoviensia, 61, 81-92.
Erik, C.E., Kaya, B.ü., Maden, M. and Orhan, E.O. (2020) Influence of Sodium Hypochlorite/Etidronic Acid Combination and SmearOFF on Push-Out Bond Strength of Fiber Posts to Root Dentin. Dental Materials Journal, 39, 554-562.
https://doi.org/10.4012/dmj.2019-055
Abrar, E., Naseem, M., Baig, Q.A., Vohra, F., Maawadh, A.M., Almohareb, T., et al. (2020) Antimicrobial Efficacy of Silver Diamine Fluoride in Comparison to Photodynamic Therapy and Chlorhexidine on Canal Disinfection and Bond Strength to Radicular Dentin. Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, 32, Article ID: 102066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102066
Seballos, V.G., Barreto, M.S., Rosa, R.A., Machado, E., Valandro, L.F. and Kaizer, O.B. (2018) Effect of Post-Space Irrigation with NaOCl And CaOCl at Different Concentrations on the Bond Strength of Posts Cemented with a Self-Adhesive Resin Cement. Brazilian Dental Journal, 29, 446-451.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201801955
Arisu, H.D., Kivanç, B.H., Saglam, B.C., Simsek, E. and Görgül, G. (2013) Effect of Post-Space Treatments on the Push-Out Bond Strength and Failure Modes of Glass Fibre Posts. Australian Endodontic Journal, 39, 19-24.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4477.2010.00275.x
Khoroushi, M., Najafabadi, M.A. and Feiz, A. (2019) Effects of Calcium Hypochlorite and Sodium Hypochlorite, as Root Canal Irrigants, on the Bond Strength of Glass Fiber Posts Cemented with Self-Adhesive Resin Cement. Frontiers in Dentistry, 16, 214-223. https://doi.org/10.18502/fid.v16i3.1593
Ertas, H., Ok, E., Uysal, B. and Arslan, H. (2014) Effects of Different Irrigating Solutions and Disinfection Methods on Push-Out Bond Strengths of Fiber Posts. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 72, 783-787.
https://doi.org/10.3109/00016357.2014.906651
Elnaghy, A.M. (2014) Effect of QMix Irrigant on Bond Strength of Glass Fibre Posts to Root Dentine. International Endodontic Journal, 47, 280-289.
https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.12145
Silva, A.-M., Alencar, C.M., Jassé, F.-F.A., Pedrinha, V.-F., Zaniboni, J.-F., Dantas, A.A.R., et al. (2021) Effect of Post-Space Irrigation with Acid Solutions on Bond Strength and Dentin Penetrability Using a Self-Adhesive Cementation System. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry, 13, e564-e571.
https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.58029
Sheikh, G.M., Khoroushi, M. and Feiz, A. (2021) Effect of Calcium Hypochlorite and Sodium Hypochlorite as Root Canal Irrigants on Push-Out Bond Strength of Fiber Post Cemented with Etch-and-Rinse Resin Cement: An in Vitro Study. Frontiers in Dentistry, 18, Article No. 18. https://doi.org/10.18502/fid.v18i18.6325
Afkhami, F., Sadegh, M., Sooratgar, A. and Amirmoezi, M. (2022) Comparison of the Effect of QMix and Conventional Root Canal Irrigants on Push-Out Bond Strength of Fiber Post to Root Dentin. Clinical and Experimental Dental Research, 8, 464-469. https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.500
Fan, F., Ibrahim, M., Dai, P., Mao, Y., He, B., Wu, G., Ma, J. and Huang, S. (2017) Effect of Maleic Acid on the Bond Strength of Fibre Posts to Root Dentine. European Journal of Oral Sciences, 125, 396-402. https://doi.org/10.1111/eos.12365
Belizário, L.G., Kuga, M.C., Hungaro Duarte, M.A., Só, M.V.R., Keine, K.C. and Pereira, J.R. (2019) Effect of Fiber Post Space Irrigation with Different Peracetic Acid Formulations on the Bond Strength and Penetration into the Dentinal Tubules of Self-Etching Resin Cement. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 122, 46.e1-46.e7.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.03.020
Jalali, H., Farid, F., Kulivand, S., Nokar, S. and Dadgar, K. (2018) Effect of Different Irrigants Applied after Post Space Preparation on Push-Out Bond Strength of a Self-Etch Resin Cement. Journal of Dentistry (Tehran), 15, 222-229.
Kul, E., Yeter, K.Y., Aladag, L.I. and Ayranci, L.B. (2016) Effect of Different Post Space Irrigation Procedures on the Bond Strength of a Fiber Post Attached with a Self-Adhesive Resin Cement. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 115, 601-605.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2015.10.010
Victorino, K.R., Kuga, M.C., Duarte, M.A., Cavenago, B.C., Só, M.V. and Pereira, J.R. (2016) The Effects of Chlorhexidine and Ethanol on Push-Out Bond Strength of Fiber Posts. Journal of Conservative Dentistry, 19, 96-100.
https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-0707.173210
Saricam, E. and Arslan, M. (2020) Effect of Dentin and Fiber Post Surface Treatments with Fumaric Acid on the Bonding Ability of Fiber Posts. Microscopy Research and Technique, 83, 1290-1296. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.23562
Alaghemand, H., Mirzae, M., Ahmadi, E. and Saidi, A. (2013) Effect of Different Post-Space Pre-Treatments on Fiber Post Bonding to Root Dentine. Dental Research Journal, 10, 545-552.
Yadav, P.C., Raghu, R., Shetty, A. and Rajasekhara, S. (2021) Postspace Pretreatment with 17% Ethylenediamine Tetraacetic Acid, 7% Maleic Acid, and 1% Phytic Acid on Bond Strength of Fiber Posts Luted with a Self-Adhesive Resin Cement. Journal of Conservative Dentistry, 24, 558-562.
https://doi.org/10.4103/jcd.jcd_489_21
Alkahtany, M.F. (2022) Extrusion Bond Strength of Glass Fiber Post to Radicular Dentin after Final Irrigation Using MTAD, EDTA, Pineapple Peel Extract, and Riboflavin. Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, 39, Article ID: 102982.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102982
Wan, S., Tan, Y., Xie, J., Huang, X. and Guo, L. (2020) The Effect of a Root-Dentin Pretreatment Technique Combining PIPS with MTAD Aiming to Improve the Bond Strength of Glass Fiber Post. Microscopy Research and Technique, 83, 824-833. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.23474
Shafiei, F., Memarpour, M. and Jowkar, Z. (2020) Effect of Silver Antibacterial Agents on Bond Strength of Fiber Posts to Root Dentin. Brazilian Dental Journal, 31, 409-416. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440202003300
Al Jeaidi, Z.A. (2021) Influence of Resin Cements and Root Canal Disinfection Techniques on the Adhesive Bond Strength of Fibre Reinforced Composite Post to Radicular Dentin. Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, 33, Article ID: 102108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102108
Goracci, C., Tavares, A.U., Fabianelli, A., Monticelli, F., Raffaelli, O., Cardoso, P.C., et al. (2004) The Adhesion between Fiber Posts and Root Canal Walls: Comparison between Microtensile and Push-Out Bond Strength Measurements. European Journal of Oral Sciences, 112, 353-361.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0722.2004.00146.x
Perdigão, J., Gomes, G. and Augusto, V. (2007) The Effect of Dowel Space on the Bond Strengths of Fiber Posts. Journal of Prosthodontics, 16, 154-164.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-849X.2006.00166.x
Mao, H., Chen, Y., Yip, K.H.-K. and Smales, R.J. (2011) Effect of Three Radicular Dentine Treatments and Two Luting Cements on the Regional Bond Strength of Quartz Fibre Posts. Clinical Oral Investigations, 15, 869-878.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-010-0453-3
Baena, E., Flores, A. and Ceballos, L. (2017) Influence of Root Dentin Treatment on the Push-Out Bond Strength of Fiber Posts. Odontology, 105, 170-177.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-016-0252-7
Kosan, E., Prates-Soares, A., Blunck, U., Neumann, K. and Bitter, K. (2021) Root Canal Pre-Treatment and Adhesive System Affect Bond Strength Durability of Fiber Posts ex Vivo. Clinical Oral Investigations, 25, 6419-6434.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-03945-1
Viola, K.S., Rodrigues, E.M., Tanomaru-Filho, M., Carlos, I.Z., Ramos, S.G., Guerreiro-Tanomaru, J.M., et al. (2018) Cytotoxicity of Peracetic Acid: Evaluation of Effects on Metabolism, Structure and Cell Death. International Endodontic Journal, 51, e264-e277. https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.12750
Du, X., Huang, X., Huang, C., Wang, Y. and Zhang, Y. (2012) Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) Enhances the Therapeutic Activity of a Dental Adhesive. Journal of Dentistry, 40, 485-492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2012.02.013