Sleep disorders are common among the caregivers of older people with chronic diseases and those with anxiety and depressive disorders. This study aims to identify the perceived stress levels and sleep quality among caregivers of patients hospitalized in palliative care clinics. This study involves the caregivers of patients who were treated in the palliative care clinics of a city hospital in a city. The study utilized no sampling method, and the participants were composed of 153 caregivers who met the research criteria and agreed to participate in the study. Data were collected using the Socio-Demographic Form, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Participating caregivers’ Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) mean score was found 23.76 ± 6.84 and the PSQI total mean score was found 9.16 ± 3.33. While the difference was found to be statistically significant according to caregivers’ marital status, kinship to the patient, financial effects, and the duration of the treatment in the palliative care unit in the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) mean score, it was statistically significant according to the kinship to the patient and knowledge about providing care to the patient in the PSQI total mean score. A statistically significant, positive, and low-level relationship was found between the Perceived Stress Score and the total PSQI score. It was found that the caregivers’ perceived stress levels were above-average and they had poor sleep quality. Caregivers’ stress levels and sleep quality were found to be affected by a number of variables.
Cite this paper
Yildirim, S. and Karakurt, P. (2022). Identification of the Perceived Stress Levels and Sleep Quality among Caregivers of Patients Hospitalized in the Palliative Care Clinic. Open Access Library Journal, 9, e8607. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1108607.
Ferrel, B., Sun, V., Hurria, A., Cristea, M., Raz, D.J., Kim, J.Y., et al. (2015) Interdisciplinary Palliative Care for Patients with Lung Cancer. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 50, 758-767. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2015.07.005
Chandrasekar, D., Tribett, E. and Ramchandran, K. (2016) Integrated Palliative Care and Oncologic Care in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Current Treatment Options in Oncology, 17, Article No. 23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11864-016-0397-1
Uzelli Yilmaz, D. and Sari D. (2017) Kronik Hastaligi Olan Hastalara Bakim Veren Yakinlarinin Uyku Kalitesi Ve Yorgunluk Düzeyleri Arasindaki Iliskinin Incelenmesi. Anadolu Hemsirelik Ve Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi, 20, 90-98.
Dy, S.M., Isenberg, S.R. and Al Hamayel, N.A. (2017) Palliative Care for Cancer Survivors. Medical Clinics of North America, 101, 1181-1196.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2017.06.009
Ritchie, C.S., Zhao, F., Patel, K.S., Manola, J., Kvale, E.A., Snyder, C.F., et al. (2017) Association between Patients Perception of Comorbidity Burden and Symptoms in Outpatients with Common Solid Tumors. Cancer, 123, 3835-3842
https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.30801
Hudson, P., Remedios, C., Zordan, R., Thomas, K., Clifton, D., Crewdson, M., et al. (2012) Guidelines for the Psychosocial and Bereavement Support of Family Caregivers of Palliative Care Patients. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 15, 696-702.
https://doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2011.0466
Njoku, G.U. (2015) The Impact of Caring for Seniors on the Caregiver’s Stress Level. Doctoral Study, College of Health Sciences, Walden University, Minneapolis.
Lund, C., Breen, A., Flisher, A.J., Kakuma, R., Corrigall, J., Joska, J.A., et al. (2010) Poverty and Common Mental Disorders in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review. Social Science & Medicine, 71, 517-528.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.04.027
McDermott, M., Brown, D.L. and Chervin, R.D. (2018) Sleep Disorders and the Risk of Stroke. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 18, 523-531.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14737175.2018.1489239
Mccurry, S.M., Logsdon, R.G., Vitiello, M.V. and Teri, L. (1999) Successful Behavioral Treatment for Reported Sleep Problems in Elderly Caregivers of Dementia Patients: A Controlled Study. Journals of Gerontology, 53, 122-129.
https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/53B.2.P122
Griffin, J.M., Fuhrer, R., Stansfled, S.A. and Marmot, M. (2002) The Importance of Low Control at Work and Home on Depression and Anxiety: Do These Effects Vary by Gender and Social Class? Social Science & Medicine, 54, 783-798.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00109-5
Çapik, C. (2014) Istatistiksel Güç Analizi ve Hemsirelik Arastirmalarinda Kullanimi: Temel Bilgiler. Anadolu Hemsirelik ve Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi, 17, 268-274.
Cohen, S., Kamarck, T. and Mermelstein, R. (1983) A Global Measure of Perceived Stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 385-396.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2136404
Eskin, M., Harlak, H., Demirkiran, F. and Dereboy, C. (2013) Algilanan Stres Olceginin Turkceye Uyarlanmasi: Guvenirlik ve Gecerlik Analizi. Yeni Symposium, 51, 132-140.
Buysse, D.J., Reynolds, C.F., Monk, T.H., Berman, S.R. and Kupfer, D.J. (1989) The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: A New Instrument for Psychiatric Practice and Research. Psychiatry Research, 28, 193-213.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4
Öztürk Kaynar, Ö. and Vural, F. (2018) Assessment of the Caregiver Burden of Caregivers of Colorectal Cancer Patients. Turkish Journal of Colorectal Disease, 28, 164-171.
Desbiens, N.A., Mueller-Rizner, N., Virnig, B. and Lynn, J. (2001) Stress in Caregivers of Hospitalized Oldest-Old Patients. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, 56, M231-M235. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/56.4.M231
Yildiz, E., Dedeli, Ö. and Çinar Pakyüz, S. (2016) Kanser Hastalarina Bakim Veren Aile üyelerinin Bakim Yükü ve Yasam Kalitesinin Incelenmesi. HEAD, 13, 216-225.
Lu, Y.Y. and Wykle, M. (2007) Relationships between Caregiver Stress and Self-Care Behaviors in Response to Symptoms. Clinical Nursing Research, 16, 29-43.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1054773806295238
Khan, F., Pallant, J. and Brand, C. (2007) Caregiver Strain and Factors Associated with Caregiver Self-Efficacy and Quality of Life in a Community Cohort with Multiple Sclerosis. Disability and Rehabilitation, 29, 1241-1250.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01443610600964141
Gök Ugur, H. and Çatiker, A. (2019) Evde Bakim Hastalarinin Bakim Vericilerindeki Stres Düzeyi ve Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi. EGE HFD, 35, 115-122.
Mcdonough, P. and Walters, V. (2001) Gender and Health: Reassessing Patterns and Explanations. Social Science and Medicine, 52, 547-559.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00159-3
Adelman, R.D., Tmanova, L.L., Delgado, D., Dion, S. and Lachs, M.S. (2014) Caregiver Burden a Clinical Review. JAMA, 311, 1052-1059.
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.304
Kuzuya, M., Masuda, Y., Hirakawa, Y., et al. (2006) Falls of the Elderly Ara Associated with Burden of Caregivers in The Community. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 21, 740-745. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.1554
Or, R. and Kartal, A. (2013) Yasliya Bakim Veren Aile Bireylerinin Bakim Verme Yükü Ve Bakim Verenin Iyilik Hali. Pamukkale üniversitesi Saglik Bilimler Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
Karlikaya, G., Yüksel, G., Varlibas, F. and Tireli, H. (2005) Caregiver Burden in Dementia: A Study in the Turkish Population. The Internet Journal of Neurology, 4, Article No. 12633. https://ispub.com/IJN/4/2/12633
Freeman, S., Kurosawa, H., Ebihira, S. and Kohzuki, M. (2010) Caregiving Burden for The Oldest Old: A Population Based Study of Centenarian Caregivers in Northern Japan. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 50, 282-291.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2009.04.008
Duman, Ö. (2020) Hasta Yakinlarinin Palyatif Bakima Iliskin Görüslerinin Bakim Verici Yüküne Etkisi. Ondokuz Mayis üniversitesi Saglik Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Samsun.
Almedia, D.M. and Kessler, R.C. (1998) Everyday Stressors and Gender Differences in Daily Distress. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 670-680.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.75.3.670
Carrol, N., Sadowski, A., Laila, A., Hruska, V., Nixon, M., Ma, D.W.L., et al. (2020) The Impact of COVID-19 on Health Behavior, Stress, Financial and Food Security among Middle to High Income Canadian Families with Young Children. Nutrients, 12, Article No. 2352. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082352
Gott, M., Allen, R., Moeke-Maxwell, T., Gardiner, C. and Robinson, J. (2015) “No Matter What the Cost”: A Qualitative Study of the Financial Costs Faced by Family and Whonau Caregivers within a Palliative Care Context. Palliative Medicine, 26, 518-528. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269216315569337
Basdinç, S.E. (2019) Palyatif Bakimda Yatan Hasta Yakinlarinin Bakim Verme Yükü Ve Psikososyal Gereksinimleri. Istanbul üniversitesi-Cerrahpasa Lisansüstü Egitim Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
Arkin, S. (2017) Palyatif Bakim Hastalarina Bakim Verenlerde Anksiyete, Depresyon Ve Sosyal Destek Düzeylerinin Incelenmesi. Saglik Bilimleri üniversitesi Tepecik Saglik Uygulama Ve Arastirma Merkezi Aile Hekimligi Klinigi Tipta Uzmanlik Tezi.
Pasacreta, V.J., Barg, F., Nuamah, I. and McCorkle, R. (2000) Participiant Charecteristics before and 4 Months Attendance at a Family Caregiver Cancer Education Program. Cancer Nursing, 23, 295-303.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00002820-200008000-00007
Sahin, Z.A., Polat, E. and Ergüney, S. (2009) Kemoterapi Alan Hastalara Bakim Verenlerin Bakim Verme Yüklerinin Belirlenmesi. Atatürk üniversitesi Hemsirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 12, 1-9.
Sabanciogullari, S. and Ertekin Pinar, S. (2020) Kronik Psikiyatri Hastalarinin Bakim Vericilerinin Bakim Yükü Ve Stresle Basa Çikma Tarzlari. Anadolu Hemsirelik Ve Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi, 23, 109-117. https://doi.org/10.17049/ataunihem.588211
Cho, M.H., Dodd, M.J., Lee, K.A., Padilla, G. and Slaughter, R. (2006) Self-Reported Sleep Quality in Family Caregivers of Gastric Cancer Patients Who Are Receiving Chemotherapy in Korea. Journal of Cancer Education, 21, S37-S41.
Aslan, Ö., Sanisoglu, Y., Akyol, M. and Yetkin, S. (2009) Quality of Sleep in Turkish Family Caregivers of Cancer Patients. Cancer Nursing, 32, 370-377.
https://doi.org/10.1097/NCC.0b013e3181a87fb9
Walsh, D., Donnelly, S. and Rybicki, L. (2000) The Symptoms of Advanced Cancer: Relationship to Age, Gender and Performance Status in 1000 Patients. Support Care in Cancer, 8, 175-179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s005200050281
Görgülü, ü. and Akdemir, N. (2010) Ileri Evre Kanser Hastalarina Bakim Verenlerin Yorgunluk Ve Uyku Kalitesinin Degerlendirilmesi. Genel Tip Derg, 20, 125-132.
Peng, H.L., Lorenz, R.A. and Chang, Y.P. (2009) Factors Associated with Sleep in Family Caregivers of Individuals with Dementia. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 55, 95-102. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12307
Smith, L.M., Onwumere, J., Craig, T. and Kuipers, E. (2019) Role of Poor Sleep in Determining Distress in Caregivers of Individuals with Early Psychosis. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 13, 613-618. https://doi.org/10.1111/eip.12538
Mesquita, G. and Reimão, R. (2010) Stress and Sleep Quality in High School Brazilian Adolescents. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 82, 545-551.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0001-37652010000200029
Chiu, I.T., Huang, T.Y., Ong, J.R., et al. (2020) Association between Sleep Deprivation in Caregivers and Risk of Injury among Toddlers: A Propensity Score Analysis. BioMed Research International, 2020, Article ID: 9421712.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9421712
Bartolomei, L., Pastore, A., Meligrana, L., Sanson, E., Bonette, N., Minicuci, G.M., et al. (2018) Relevance of Sleep Quality on Caregiver Burden in Parkinson’s Disease. Neurological Sciences, 39, 835-839. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-018-3252-2
Yilmaz Karabulutlu, E., Akyil, R., Karaman, S. and ve Karaca, M. (2013) Kanser Hastalarina Bakim Verenlerin Uyku Kalitesi Ve Psikolojik Sorunlarinin Incelenmesi. Türk Onkoloji Dergisi, 28, 1-9.
Montgomery, R.J., Gonyea, J.G. and Hooyman, N.R. (1985) Caregiving and the Experience of Subjective and Objective Burden. Family Relations, 34, 19-26.
https://doi.org/10.2307/583753
Ahrbergi, K., Dresler, M., Niedermaier, S., Steiger, A. and Genzel, L. (2012) The Interaction between Sleep Quality and Academic Performance. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 46, 1618-1622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.09.008
Öztürk, O., Meral, H., Çetin, S., et al. (2004) Parkinson Hastaliginda Anksiyete ve REM Davranis Bozuklugu. Parkinson Hastaligi ve Hareket Bozukluklari Dergisi, 7, 121-127.
