Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis and Atypical Uremic Syndrome Associated with Weil Syndrome

In 1886, the German internist Adolph Weil described for the first time a disease caused by the spirochete family of the genus Leptospira spp., causing the infectious disease called leptospirosis or Weil Syndrome in a systemic stage. The disease is transmitted by direct contact with infected animals, which eliminates the bacteria through urine or by contact with the soil and water where they live. Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) or hemophagocytic syndrome, is a syndrome caused by immunological activation involving different organs. It has also been documented, as a cause of Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (aHUS) rarely. In this report, we describe an extremely rare clinical presentation of leptospirosis (Weil Syndrome), associated with HLH and aHUS, an association with great clinical relevance. The syndrome that until today has not been described is the first case report, made formally in the medical literature.