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OALib Journal期刊
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Plastic Surgery Update on the Mesenchymal Stem-Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles towards Cell-Free Therapeutic Applications

DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1107393, PP. 1-24

Subject Areas: Surgery & Surgical Specialties

Keywords: Regenerative Medicine, Extracellular Vesicles, Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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Abstract

In the biogenesis of extracellular vesicles (EVs), exosomes and other lipid-lined vesicles are released upon fusion of multivesicular bodies with the cell membrane of stem cells. EVs contain a diverse number of growth factors, cytokines and bioactive molecules of proteins, lipids, microRNA, and mRNA that mediate cell-cell communications for homeostasis, immune signaling, angiogenesis, anti-inflammation, senescence, proliferation, and differentiation. To further explore its potential usages, plastic surgeons are beginning to show an increased interest in this novel cell-free therapy to partially explain the paracrine effects of cell-based therapies on cell repair, tissue engineering, and aesthetic rejuvenation. The burgeoning preclinical and clinical experience appears to be promising, but current in vitro studies, translational research, and IRB-registered investigations emphasize the need to clarify product identification/purity, attributed biologic functions, standardized protocols, and applications to advance basic science findings and provide beneficial safe clinical outcomes. Since the specialty of Plastic Surgery is committed to advancing evidence-based stem cell studies in compliance with FDA regulations, an updated review of EVs is timely to provide insights to achieve these goals.

Cite this paper

Sasaki, G. H. (2021). Plastic Surgery Update on the Mesenchymal Stem-Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles towards Cell-Free Therapeutic Applications. Open Access Library Journal, 8, e7393. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1107393.

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