The energy resources diversification has been increased with the energy crisis, in particular, the renewable energies and optimal management have become essential in the context of sustainable development. The conventional auto-thermal gasification processes burn part of the carbonaceous compound in order to supply the energy necessary to enhance gasification reactions. This energy could be provided as well by a nuclear reactor of IV generation. The nuclear heat is transferred from the VHTR to a He stream, which is mixed with the steam before entering the reactor. The syngas produced in this process has a high quality which is applicable for Fischer-Tropsch processor for power generation in fuel cells. The present work aims to develop a model for char steam gasification in a fluidized bed, with nuclear heat as the source of energy for the gasification reactions. The results of the model are compared with the data reported in the literature.
Cite this paper
Belghit, A. (2020). Biomass Char Steam Gasification in Fluidized Reactor Using Nuclear Heat. Open Access Library Journal, 7, e6155. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1106155.
Lisbona, P. and Romeo, L. (2008) Enhanced Coal Gasification Heated by Unmixed Combustion Integrated with an Hybrid System of SOFC/GT. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 33, 5755-5764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.06.031
Caputo, A., Palumbo, M., Pelagagge, P. and Scacchia, F. (2005) Economics of Biomass Utilization in Combustion and Gasificationplants: Effect of Logistic Variables. Biomass and Bioenergy, 28, 38-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2004.04.009
Shen, L., Gao, Y. and Xiao, J. (2008) Simulation of Hydrogen Production from Biomass Gasification in Interconnected Fluidized Beds. Biomass and Bioenergy, 32, 120-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.08.002
France, C., Pinto, F., Gulyurltlu, I. and Cabrita, I. (2003) The Study of Reactions Influencing the Biomass Steam Gasification Process. Fuel, 82, 835-842.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(02)00313-7
Lucas, C., Szewczyka, D., Blasiaka, W. and Mochidab, S. (2004) High-Temperature Air and Steam Gasification of Densified Biofuels. Biomass and Bioenergy, 27, 563-575.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2003.08.015
Belghit, A., Gordillo, E.D. and El Issami, S. (2009) Coal Steam-Gasification Model in Chemical Regime to Produce Hydrogen in a Gas-Solid Moving Bed Reactor Using Nuclear Heat. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 34, 6114-6119.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.05.065
Pr?ll, T. and Hofbauer, H. (2008) H2 Rich Syngas by Selective CO2 Removal from Biomass Gasification in a Dual Fluidized Bed System Process Modeling Approach. Fuel Processing Technology, 89, 1207-1217.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2008.05.020
Kaushal, P., Pr?ll, T. and Hofbauer, H. (2008) Model for Biomass Char Combustion in the Riser of a Dual Fluidized Bed Gasification Unit: Part 1—Model Development and Sensitivity Analysis. Fuel Processing Technology, 89, 651-659.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2007.12.010
Elder, R. and Allen, R. (2009) Nuclear Heat for Hydrogen Production: Coupling a Very High/High Temperature Reactor to a Hydrogen Production Plant. Progress in Nuclear Energy, 51, 500-525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnucene.2008.11.001
Gordillo, E.D. and Belghit, A. (2011) A Two Phase Model of High Temperature Steam-Only Gasification of Biomass Char in Bubbling Fluidized Bed Reactors Using Nuclear. Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 36, 374-381.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.09.088
Gordillo, E.D. and Belghit, A. (2011) A Bubbling Fluidized Bed Solar Reactor Model of Biomass Char High Temperature Steam-Only Gasification. Fuel Processing Technology, 92, 314-321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.09.021
Piatkowski, N., Wieckert, C. and Steinfeld, A. (2009) Experimental Investigation of a Packed-Bed Solar Reactor for the Steam-Gasification of Carbonaceous Feedstocks. Fuel Processing Technology, 90, 360-366.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2008.10.007
Z’Graggen, A. and Steinfeld, A. (2009) Heat and Mass Transfer Analysis of a Suspension of Reacting Particles Subjected to Concentrated Solar Radiation—Application to the Steam-Gasification of Carbonaceous Materials. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 52, 385-395.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2008.05.023
Melchior, T., Perkins, C., Lichty, P., Weimer, A.W. and Steinfeld, A. (2009) Solar-Driven Biochar Gasification in a Particle-Flow Reactor. Chemical Engineering and Processing, 48, 1279-1287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2009.05.006
Z’Graggen, A. and Steinfeld, A. (2008) A Two-Phase Reactor Model for Steam Gasification of Carbonaceous Materials under Concentrated Thermal Radiation. Chemical Engineering and Processing, 47, 655-662.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2006.12.003
Trommer, D., Noembrini, F., Fasciana, M., Rodriguez, D., Morales, A., Romero, M. and Steinfeld, A. (2005) Hydrogen Production by Steam-Gasification of Petroleum Coke Using Concentrated Solar Power. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 30, 605-618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2004.06.002
Zedtwitz, P., Lipinski, W. and Steinfeld, A. (2007) Numerical and Experimental Study of Gas-Particle Radiative Heat Exchange in a Fluidized-Bed Reactor for Steam-Gasification of Coal. Chemical Engineering Science, 62, 599-607.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2006.09.027
Muller, R., Zedtwitz, P., Wokaun, A. and Steinfeld, A. (2003) Kinetic Investigation on Steam Gasification of Charcoal under Direct High-Flux Irradiation. Chemical Engineering Science, 58, 5111-5119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2003.08.018
Aigner, I., Pfeifer, C. and Hofbauer, H. (2011) Co-Gasification of Coal and Wood in a Dual Fluidized Bed Gasifier. Fuel, 90, 2404-2412.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2011.03.024
Kim, J.-W., Mun, T.-Y., Kim, J.-O. and Kim, J.-S. (2011) Air Gasification of Mixed Plastic Wastes Using a Two-Stage Gasifier for the Production of Producer Gas with Low Tar and a High Caloric Value. Fuel, 90, 2266-2272.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2011.02.021
Xue, Q., Heindel, T.J. and Fox, R.O. (2011) A CFD Model for Biomass Fast Pyrolysis in Fluidized-Bed Reactors. Chemical Engineering Science, 66, 2440-2452.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2011.03.010
Michel, R., Rapagnà, S., Di Marcello, M., Burg, P., Matt, M., Courson, C. and Gruber, R. (2011) Catalytic Steam Gasification of Miscanthus X Giganteus in Fluidised Bed Reactor on Olivine Based Catalysts. Fuel Processing Technology, 92, 1169-1177.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.12.005
Xu, Q.X., Pang, S.S. and Levi, T. (2011) Reaction Kinetics and Producer Gas Compositions of Steam Gasification of Coal and Biomass Blend Chars. Chemical Engineering Science, 66, 2141-2148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2011.02.026
Chen, T.J., Wu, C., Liu, R.H., Fei, W.T. and Liu, S.Y. (2011) Effect of Hot Vapor Filtration on the Characterization of Bio-Oil from Rice Husks with Fast Pyrolysis in a Fluidized-Bed Reactor. Bioresource Technology, 102, 6178-6185.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.02.023
G?ransson, K., S?derlind, U. and Zhang, W. (2011) Experimental Test on a Novel Dual Fluidised Bed Biomass Gasifier for Synthetic Fuel Production. Fuel, 90, 1340-1349.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2010.12.035
Chen, S.Y., Wang, D., Xue, Z.P., Sun, X.Y. and Xiang, W.G. (2011) Calcium Looping Gasification for High-Concentration Hydrogen Production with CO2 Capture in a Novel Compact Fluidized Bed: Simulation and Operation Requirements. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 36, 4887-4899.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.12.130
Detournay, M., Hemati, M. and Andreux, R. (2011) Biomass Steam Gasification in Fluidized Bed of Inert or Catalytic Particles: Comparison between Experimental Results and Thermodynamic Equilibrium Predictions. Powder Technology, 208, 558-567.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2010.08.059
Loha, C., Chatterjee, P.K. and Chattopadhyay, H. (2011) Performance of Fluidized Bed Steam Gasification of Biomass-Modeling and Experiment. Energy Conversion and Management, 52, 1583-1588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2010.11.003
de Andrés, J.M., Narros, A. and Rodríguez, M.E. (2011) Air-Steam Gasification of Sewage Sludge in a Bubbling Bed Reactor: Effect of Alumina as a Primary Catalyst. Fuel Processing Technology, 92, 433-440.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.10.006
Kaewluan, S. and Pipatmanomai, S. (2011) Gasification of High Moisture Rubber Woodchip with Rubber Waste in a Bubbling Fluidized Bed. Fuel Processing Technology, 92, 671-677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.11.026
Mohammed, M.A.A., Salmiaton, A., Wan Azlina, W.A.K.G., Mohammad Amran, M.S. and Fakhru’l-Razi, A. (2011) Air Gasification of Empty Fruit Bunch for Hydrogen-Rich Gas Production in a Fluidized-Bed Reactor. Energy Conversion and Management, 52, 1555-1561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2010.10.023
Piatkowski, N., Wieckert, C. and Steinfeld, A. (2008) Solar-Driven Coal Gasification in a Thermally Irradiated Packed-Bed Reactor. Energy and Fuels, 22, 2043-2052.
https://doi.org/10.1021/ef800027c
Gomez-Barea, A. and Leckner, B. (2010) Modeling of Biomass Gasification in Fluidized Bed. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 36, 444-509.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2009.12.002
Sadaka, S.S., Ghaly, A.E. and Sabbah, M.A. (2002) Two Phase Biomass Air-Steam Gasification Model for Fluidized Bed Reactors: Part I Model Development. Biomass & Bioenergy, 22, 439-462. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0961-9534(02)00023-5
Kunii, D. and Levenspiel, O. (1968) Bubbling Bed Model. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals, 7, 446-452. https://doi.org/10.1021/i160027a016
Corella, J., Aznar, M.P., Delgado, J. and Aldea, E. (1991) Steam Gasification of Cellulosic Wastes in a Fluidized Bed with Downstream Vessels. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 30, 2252-2262. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00058a003
Kentaro, U., Kouichi, Y., Tomoaki, N. and Kunio, Y. (2010) High Temperature Steam-Only Gasification of Woody Biomass. Applied Energy, 87, 791-798.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.09.035
Yu, Q., Brage, C., Chen, G. and Sjostrom, K. (1997) Temperature Impact on the Formation of Tar from Biomass Pyrolysis in a Freefall Reactor. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 40, 481-489. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-2370(97)00017-X
Ross, D., Noda, R., Horio, M., Kosminski, A., Ashman, P. and Mullinger, P. (2007) Axial Gas Profiles in a Bubbling Fluidised Bed Biomass Gasifier. Fuel, 86, 1417-1429.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2006.11.028