Background: The literature
suggests that the haemostatic abnormalities have taken a big part in
preeclampsia. D-dimer is a biomarker of fibrin formation and degradation. Objective: The present study was
aimed to estimate and evaluation of
the plasma D-dimer levels in Sudanese preeclampsia women. Material and Methods: This is an analytical
descriptive case control study done
during March 2016. A total of 100 participants were enrolled in this study, classified into two groups: the first group
consisted of 50 Sudanese women diagnosed by preeclampsia as patients
group, while the second group consisted of 50
normotensive women and their age matched to patients, designated as normal control
group. 3 milliter of veins blood samples were collected in containers containing
3.2% tri sodium citrate as anticoagulant, then the platelet-poor plasma was prepared
immediately by centrifuging for 15 minutes
at approx 3000 rpm. The plasma D-dimer levels were done using MISPA-i2 (Switzerland).
The data were analyzed by using SPSS (version 20). Results: The current study
showed that the D-dimer level was statistically significant higher in
preeclampsia women compared with normotensive pregnant women (Mean ± SD: 1.016 ±
0.158 vs 0.168 ± 0.045 with P value 0.000, respectively). Conclusion: This
study concluded that the plasma D-dimer level was significantly elevated in
Sudanese women with preeclampsia.
Cite this paper
Abdelgadir, S. M. N. and Gaufri, N. E. A. M. (2017). Estimation of Plasma D-Dimer Levels in Sudanese Women with Preeclampsia. Open Access Library Journal, 4, e3210. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1103210.
(2000) Report of the
National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood
Pressure in Pregnancy. American Journal
of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 183, s1-s22. https://doi.org/10.1067/mob.2000.107928
Martin
Jr., J.N., Rinehart, B.K., May, W.L., Magann, E.F., Terrone, D.A. and Blake, P.G.
(1999) Thesepctrum of Sever Preeclampsia: Comparative Analysis by HELLP
(Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzyme Levels, and Low Platelet Count) Syndrome
Classification. American Journal of
Obstetrics & Gynecology, 180, 1373-1384. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9378(99)70022-0
Drakeley,
A.J., Le Roux, P.A., Anthony, J. and Penny, J. (2002) Acute Renal Failure Complicating
Severe Preeclampsia Requiring Admission to an Obstetric Intensive Care Unit. American Journal of Obstetrics &
Gynecology, 186, 253-256. https://doi.org/10.1067/mob.2002.120279
Maynard,
S.E., Karumanchi, S.A. and Thadhani, R. (2008) Hypertension and Kidney Disease
in Pregnancy. In: Brenner, B.M. and Rector, B., Eds., The Kidney, 8th Edition, Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, 1567-1595.
Arulkumaran,
N. and Lightstone, L. (2013) Sever Pre-Eclampsia and Hypertensive Crises. Best Practice & Research Clinical
Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 27, 877-884.
Bartsch,
E., Medcal, F.K.E., Park, A.L., Ray, J.G. and High Risk of Preeclampsia Identification
Group (2016) Clinical Risk Factor for Preeclampsia Determined in Early
Pregnancy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Large Cohort Studies. BMJ, 353, i1753.
George, J.N. (2006) Clinical Practice. Thrombotic
Thrombocytopenic Purpura. The New England
Journal of Medicine, 354, 1927-1935. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMcp053024
Berg,
C.J., MacKay, A.P., Qin, C., et al. (2009) Overview of
Maternal Morbidity during Hospitalization for Labor and Delivery in the United
States: 1993-1997 and 2001-2005. Obstetrics
& Gynecology, 113, 1075-1081.
Bellart,
J., Gilabert, R., Miralles, R.M., Monasterio, J. and Cabero, L. (1998) Endothelial
Cell Markers and Fibrinopeptid A to D-Dimer Ratio as Measure of Coagulation and
Fibrinolysis Balance in Normal Pregnancy. Gynecologic
and Obstetric Investigation, 46, 17-21. www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/9989
De
Vries, J.I., van Pampus, M.G., Hague, W.M., Bezemer, P.D., Joosten, J.H. and FRUIT
Investigators (2012) Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Added to Aspirin in the
Prevention of Recurrent Early-Onset Pre-Eclampsia in Women with Inheritable
Thrombophilia: The FRUIT–RCT. Journal of
Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 10, 64- 72.
Connaghan, D.G., Francis, C.W., Lane, D.A. and Marder, V.J.
(1985) Specific Identification of Fibrin Polymers, Fibrinogen Degradation
Products, and Cross Linked Fibrin Degradation Products in Plasma and Serum with
a New Sensitive Technique. Blood, 65,
589-597.
Carty, D.M., Delles, C. and
Dominiczak, A.F. (2010) Preeclampsia and Future Maternal Health. Journal of Hypertension, 28, 1349-1355. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0b013e32833a39d0
Ali,
A.A., Okud, A., Khojali, A. and Adam, I. (2012) High Incidence of Obstetric
Complications in Kassala Hospital, Eastern Sudan. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 32, 148- 149. https://doi.org/10.3109/01443615.2011.637140
Bozkurt,
M., Yumru, A.E., Sahin, L. and Salman, S. (2015) Troponin 1 and D-Dimer Levels
in Preeclampsia and Eclampsia: Prospective Study. Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology, 42, 26-31.
Lee, A.J., Fowkes, G.R., lowe, G.D. and Rumley, A. (1995) Determinant
of Fibrin D-Dimer in the Edinburgh Artery Study. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 15, 1094-1097.
Terao, T., Maki, M., Ikenoue, T., et al. (1991) The Relationship between Clinical Signs and
Hypercoagulable State in Toxemia of Pregnancy. Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation, 31, 74-85. https://doi.org/10.1159/000293106
Schjetiein, R., Haugen, G. and Wisloff, F. (1997)
Markers of Intravascular Coagulation and Fibrinolysis in Preeclampsia: Association
with Intrauterine Growth Retardation. Acta
Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 76, 541-546. https://doi.org/10.3109/00016349709024580
Bellart, J., Gilabert, R., Fontcuberta, J., Carreras, E., Miralles,
R.M. and Cabero, L. (1998) Coagulation and Fibrinolysis Parameters in Normal Pregnancy
and in Gestational Diabetes. American
Journal of Perinatology, 15, 479-486. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-994069
He,
S., Bremme, K. and Blomback, M. (1997) Acquired Deficiency of Ant Thrombin in
Association with a Hypercoagulable State an Impaired Function of Liver and/or
Kidney in Preeclampsia. Blood Coagulation
& Fibrinolysis, 8, 232-238. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001721-199706000-00004
Heilmann,
L., Rath, W. and pollow, K. (2007) Hemostatic Abnormalities in Patients with
Severe Preeclampsia. Clinical and Applied
Thrombosis/Hemostasis, 13, 285- 291. https://doi.org/10.1177/1076029607299986
Dusse, L., Viera, L. and Caralho, M. (2003) Avaliacao
do dímero D (D-Di) na doenca hipertensiva específica da gravidez
(DHEG)—D-Dimer Plasma Levels Assessment in Preeclampsia. Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial, 39, 199-202.
Catarino, C.,
Rebelo, I., Belo, L., et al. (2008)
Relationship between Maternal and Cord blood Hemostatic Disturbances in
Preeclampatic. Thrombosis Research, 123,
219-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2008.02.007