The Correlation between Mothers with Low Birth Weight History and Body Mass Index Leptin Levels, and Preeclampsia

Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the complications of pregnancythat significantly increases maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. Mothers who were born as low birth weight (LBW) babies have risks for PE that are 2 - 3 times higher than maternal birth weight ≥ 2500 g. LBW history of the mother is also correlates with the incidence of metabolic syndrome later in life including incresed of body mass index (BMI), hyperlipidemia, hypertension, stroke type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular accident (CVA). This study aimed at assessing the correlation between the incidence of LBW history of the mother with PE, BMI and leptin levels. This study was a retrospective study of maternal LBW history with case control design as well as cross-sectional design to search the correlation between BMI and leptin levels with the incidence of PE. This study was conducted from December 2014 through February 2015 in Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung. Data were analyzed using Spear-man Rank and Chi-Square, and the significant difference was determined as α < 0.05. The results showed that maternal LBW history correlated with an increased in systolic (r = ﹣0.417; p = 0.017) and diastolic (r = ﹣0.498; p = 0.004) blood pressure but did not correlated with the incidence of PE (r = 0.333; p = 0.127). The incidence of maternal history of LBW was higher in cases of PE (p = 0.033). There was a correlation between LBW history and early onset preeclampsia (EOPE) and late onset preeclampsia (LOPE) (r = 0.500; p = 0.048). There was no correlation between LBW history of BMI (r = ﹣0.040; p = 0.830) and levels of leptin (r = ﹣0.157; p = 0.390). There was a correlation of BMI and leptin levels (r = 0.664; p = 0.0001) Maternal LBW history was correlated with increased incidence of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and the incidence of EOPE and LOPE.