全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

Marine Litter: Composition in Eastern Aegean Coasts

DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1100573, PP. 1-7

Subject Areas: Hydrology, Environmental Sciences

Keywords: Marine Pollution, Aegean Sea, Gulf of Kusadasi, Gulf of Güllük, Gulf of Gokova, Marmaris

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract

In this study, 28 trawl operations were carried out from four different bays (Gulf of Kusadasi, Gulf of Güllük, Gulf of Gokova and Marmaris) in eastern Aegean Sea between December 2008 and March 2011. Sampled litters were separated by materials: glass, plastic, metal, wooden and others. Totally, as percentage, plastic material comprises the biggest group (48%) and it is followed by metal (25%), glass (12%), others (12%) and wooden (3%). Also regional litter densities were calculated for regions as 1692.0 item/km2 for Marmaris, 796.0 item/km2 for Gulf of Güllük, 175.0 item/km2 for Gulf of Kusadasi, and 58.0 item/km2 for Gulf of Gokova.

Cite this paper

Cerim, H. , Filiz, H. , Gülsahin, A. and Erdem, M. (2014). Marine Litter: Composition in Eastern Aegean Coasts. Open Access Library Journal, 1, e573. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1100573.

References

[1]  Derraik, J.G.B. (2002) The Pollution of the Marine Environment by Plastic Debris: A Review. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 44, 842-852.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(02)00220-5
[2]  Galgani, F., Fleet, D., Van Franeker, J., Katsanevakis, S., Maes, T., Mouat, J., Oosterbaan, L., Poitou, I., Hanke, G., Thompson, R., Amato, E., Birkun, A. and Janssen, C. (2010) Marine Strategy Framework Directive Task Group Report 10 on Marine Litter.
[3]  Thompson, R., La Belle, B.E., Bouwman, H. and Neretin, L. (2011) Marine Debris: Defining a Global Environmental Challenge. GEF Council Meeting, 24-26 May 2011, Washington DC, 28 p.
[4]  Schrey, E. and Vauk, G.J.M. (1987) Records of Entangled Gannets (Sula bassana) at Helgoland, German Bight. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 18, 350-352.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(87)80024-3
[5]  Jeftic, L., Sheavly, S. and Adler, E. (2009) Marine Litter: A Global Challenge. UNEP Marine Litter Publications, 232 p.
[6]  UNEP (2005) Marine Litter, an Analytical Overview. UNEP Marine Litter Publications.
[7]  UNEP (2007) National Marine Debris Monitoring Program. UNEP Marine Litter Publications.
[8]  Tonay, A.M., Dede, A., Oztürk, A.A. and Oztürk, B. (2007) Stomach Content of Harbor Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from the Turkish Western Black Sea in Spring and Early Summer. Rapp. Comm. int. Mer. Medit., 38, 616.
[9]  Goldberg, E.D. (1994) Diamonds and plastics are forever? Marine Pollution Bulletin, 28, 466.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326X(94)90511-8
[10]  NOAA (2011) NOAA Marine Debris Program.
http://marinedebris.noaa.gov/welcome.html
[11]  Gregory, M.R. (2009) Environmental Implications of Plastic Debris in Marine Settings Entanglement, Ingestion, Smothering, Hangers-On, Hitch-Hiking, and Alien Invasions. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 364, 2013-2026.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0265
[12]  UNEP (2001) Marine Litter—“Trash That Kills” brochure. UNEP Marine Litter Publications.
[13]  Mato, Y., Isobe, T., Takada, H., Kanehiro, H., Ohtake, C. and Kaminuma, T. (2001) Plastic Resin Pellets as a Transport Medium for Toxic Chemicals in the Marine Environment. Environmental Science and Technology, 35, 318-324.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es0010498
[14]  Teuten, E.L., Saquing, J.M., Knappe, D.R.U., Barlaz, M.A., Jonsson, S., Bjorn, A., Rowland, S.J., Thompson, R.C., Galloway, T.S., Yamashita, R., Ochi, D., Watanuki, Y., Moore, C., Viet, P., Tana, T.S., Prudente, M., Boonyatumanond, R., Zakaria, M.P., Akkhavong, K., Ogata, Y., Hirai, H., Iwasa, S., Mizukawa, K., Hagino, Y., Imamura, A., Saha, M. and Takada, S. (2009) Transport and Release of Chemicals from Plastics to the Environment and to Wildlife. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 364, 2027-2045.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0284
[15]  Mouat, T., Lopez-Lozano, R. and Bateson, H. (2010) Economic Impacts of Marine Litter. KIMO (Kommunenes Internasjonale Miljoorganisasjon), 117 p.
[16]  Moore, C.J. (2008) Synthetic Polymers in the Marine Environment: A Rapidly Increasing, Long-Term Threat. Environmental Research, 108, 131-139.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2008.07.025
[17]  KIMO (2010) Incident Highlights the Real Cost of Marine Litter. September 2010.
[18]  California Ocean Protection Council (OPC) (2008) An Implementation Strategy for the California Ocean Protection Council Resolution to Reduce and Prevent Ocean Litter. 28 p.
[19]  Kang, C.G. (2003) Marine Litter in the Republic of Korea NOWPAP MER/RAC.
[20]  Koutsodendris, A., Papatheodorou, G., Kougiourouki, O. and Georgiadis, M. (2007) Benthic Marine Litter in Four Gulfs in Greece, Eastern Mediterranean; Abundance, Composition and Source Identification. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 77, 501-512.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2007.10.011
[21]  Topvu, N.E. and Oztürk, B. (2010) Abundance and Composition of Solid Waste Materials on the Western Part of the Turkish Black Sea Seabed, Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management, 13, 301-306.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14634988.2010.503684
[22]  Zhou, P., Huang, C., Fang, H., Cai, W., Li, D., Li, X. and Yu, H. (2011) The Abundance, Composition and Sources of Marine Debris in Coastal Seawaters or Beaches around the Northern South China Sea (China). Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62, 1998-2007.
[23]  Katsanevakis, S. (2008) Marine Debris, a Growing Problem: Sources, Distribution, Composition, and Impacts. In: ofer, T.N., Ed., Marine Pollution: New Research, Nova Science Publishers, New York, 53-100.
[24]  Hess, N., Ribic, C., and Vining, Y. (1999) Benthic Marine Debris, with an Emphasis on Fishery-Related Items, Surrounding Kodiak Island, Alaska, 1994-1996. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 38, 885-890.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(99)00087-9
[25]  Katsanevakis, S. and Katsarou, A. (2004) Influences on the Distribution of Marine Debris on the Seafloor of Shallow Coastal Areas in Greece (Eastern Mediterranean). Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 159, 325-337.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:WATE.0000049183.17150.df
[26]  Bhattacharya, P., Lin, S., Turner, J.P. and Ke, P.C. (2010) Physical Adsorption of Harged Plastic Nanoparticles Affects Algal Photosynthesis. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 114, 16556-16561.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp1054759
[27]  Sheavly, S.B. (2007) National Marine Debris Monitoring Program: Final Program Report, Data Analysis and Summary. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by Ocean Conservancy, Grant Number X83053401-02, 76 p.
[28]  Spruill, V. and Cousteau, P. (2010) Trash Travels. International Coastal Cleanup 25th Anniversary 2010 Report. Ocean Conservancy.
[29]  Laist, D.W. (1996) Marine Debris Entanglement and Ghost Fishing: A Cryptic and Significant Type of Bycatch? Proceeding of Solving Bycatch: Considerations for Today and Tomorrow, 25-27 September 1995, Seattle, 33-39.
[30]  Williams, A.T., Simmons, S.L. and Fricker, A. (1993) Off-Shore Sinks of Marine Litter: A New Problem. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 26, 404-405.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326X(93)90192-M
[31]  Sheavly, S.B. (2005) Sixth Meeting of the UN Open-Ended Informal Consultative Processes on Oceans and the Law of the Sea. Marine Debris—An Overview of a Critical Issue for Our Oceans. 6-10 June 2005.
[32]  Allsopp, M., Walters, A., Santillo, D. and Johnston, P. (2006) Plastic Debris in the World’s Oceans. Greenpeace, Amsterdam.
[33]  Turkish Cabinet (1983) Environment Law. Law Number: 2872, Vol. 22, 499.
[34]  MARPOL (1978) 1978 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973 as Modified by the Protocol of 1978 (MARPOL 73/78).
[35]  Turkey Tourism Agency Statistics (2010)
http://sgb.kulturturizm.gov.tr/belge/1-90750/turizm-istatistikleri.html

Full-Text


comments powered by Disqus

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133

WeChat 1538708413