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Don quijote, Christelike geloof en natuurwetenskap 1
H. P.P. L？tter
Koers : Bulletin for Christian Scholarship , 1987, DOI: 10.4102/koers.v52i1- 4.910
Abstract: The story about Don Qulchote and the windmills is used in this article as an analogy to typify the debates that have taken place in history between natural science and representatives of Christian religion. The analogy is tested on debates that took place around Galileo. Darwin, Newton, Cuvier and the Big Bang theory. The analogy matches these debates quite well and this Is explained by the view that scientific claims to knowledge, and claims to knowledge based on Christian faith, belong to different categories and are thus not concurrents for the same truth. Gilbert Ryle's criticism on Descartes' mind-body dualism is used here to strengthen this argument. The article is concluded by pointing out in what ways one can engage in a meaningful debate on the nature of the relationship between science and Christian religion.
Darwin and Genesis
H. P.P L？tter
Koers : Bulletin for Christian Scholarship , 1987, DOI: 10.4102/koers.v52i1- 4.899
Abstract: In hierdie artikel word 'n poging aangewend om die konflik tussen Darwin se teorie van evolusie en die Christelike leerstelling van 'n Goddelike skepping uit die weg te ruim. Om die konflik goed te verstaan, word 'n kort uiteensetting gegee van die wyse waarop Christene die implikasies van die teorie van evolusie vir hul leerstelling van 'n Goddelike skepping ingesien het. Die diverse reaksies van teoloé hierop sal kortliks geskets word, waarna 'n analise van die redes vir hierdie konflik verskaf sal word, gebaseer op 'n leidraad van Hans Kiing, 'n Duitse teoloog. Die standpunt sal beredeneer word dat d it 'n spesifieke interpretasie van die Christendom was, gerugsteun deur 'n filosofies-biologiese teorie, wat verdedig is en nie die sentrale aspekte van die Christendom self nie. Laastens sal gevra word of die konflik u it die weg geruim kan word en die positiewe antwoord wat hierop gegee word, stel dat 'n korrekte interpretasie van die Bybelse skeppingsleer 'n teorie van evolusie kan akkommodeer wat geregverdigde aansprake op wetenskaplike geldigheid maak.
Interaction between repeated restraint stress and concomitant midazolam administration on sweet food ingestion in rats
Silveira P.P.,Xavier M.H.,Souza F.H.,Manoli L.P.
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research , 2000,
Abstract: Emotional changes can influence feeding behavior. Previous studies have shown that chronically stressed animals present increased ingestion of sweet food, an effect reversed by a single dose of diazepam administered before testing the animals. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the response of animals chronically treated with midazolam and/or submitted to repeated restraint stress upon the ingestion of sweet food. Male adult Wistar rats were divided into two groups: controls and exposed to restraint 1 h/day, 5 days/week for 40 days. Both groups were subdivided into two other groups treated or not with midazolam (0.06 mg/ml in their drinking water during the 40-day treatment). The animals were placed in a lighted area in the presence of 10 pellets of sweet food (Froot loops ). The number of ingested pellets was measured during a period of 3 min, in the presence or absence of fasting. The group chronically treated with midazolam alone presented increased ingestion when compared to control animals (control group: 2.0 ± 0.44 pellets and midazolam group: 3.60 ± 0.57 pellets). The group submitted to restraint stress presented an increased ingestion compared to controls (control group: 2.0 ± 0.44 pellets and stressed group: 4.18 ± 0.58 pellets). Chronically administered midazolam reduced the ingestion in stressed animals (stressed/water group: 4.18 ± 0.58 pellets; stressed/midazolam group: 3.2 ± 0.49 pellets). Thus, repeated stress increases appetite for sweet food independently of hunger and chronic administration of midazolam can decrease this behavioral effect.
Interaction between repeated restraint stress and concomitant midazolam administration on sweet food ingestion in rats
Silveira, P.P.;Xavier, M.H.;Souza, F.H.;Manoli, L.P.;Rosat, R.M.;Ferreira, M.B.C.;Dalmaz, C.;
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research , 2000, DOI: 10.1590/S0100-879X2000001100013
Abstract: emotional changes can influence feeding behavior. previous studies have shown that chronically stressed animals present increased ingestion of sweet food, an effect reversed by a single dose of diazepam administered before testing the animals. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the response of animals chronically treated with midazolam and/or submitted to repeated restraint stress upon the ingestion of sweet food. male adult wistar rats were divided into two groups: controls and exposed to restraint 1 h/day, 5 days/week for 40 days. both groups were subdivided into two other groups treated or not with midazolam (0.06 mg/ml in their drinking water during the 40-day treatment). the animals were placed in a lighted area in the presence of 10 pellets of sweet food (froot loops？). the number of ingested pellets was measured during a period of 3 min, in the presence or absence of fasting. the group chronically treated with midazolam alone presented increased ingestion when compared to control animals (control group: 2.0 ± 0.44 pellets and midazolam group: 3.60 ± 0.57 pellets). the group submitted to restraint stress presented an increased ingestion compared to controls (control group: 2.0 ± 0.44 pellets and stressed group: 4.18 ± 0.58 pellets). chronically administered midazolam reduced the ingestion in stressed animals (stressed/water group: 4.18 ± 0.58 pellets; stressed/midazolam group: 3.2 ± 0.49 pellets). thus, repeated stress increases appetite for sweet food independently of hunger and chronic administration of midazolam can decrease this behavioral effect.
Etiology of diarrheal infections in children of Porto Velho (Rondonia, Western Amazon region, Brazil)
Orlandi, P.P.;Magalh？es, G.F.;Matos, N.B.;Silva, T.;Penatti, M.;Nogueira, P.A.;Pereira da Silva, L.H.;
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research , 2006, DOI: 10.1590/S0100-879X2006000400011
Abstract: in the present study, 470 children less than 72 months of age and presenting acute diarrhea were examined to identify associated enteropathogenic agents. viruses were the pathogens most frequently found in stools of infants with diarrhea, including 111 cases of rotavirus (23.6% of the total diarrhea cases) and 30 cases of adenovirus (6.3%). the second group was diarrheogenic escherichia coli (86 cases, 18.2%), followed by salmonella sp (44 cases, 9.3%) and shigella sp (24 cases, 5.1%). using the pcr technique to differentiate the pathogenic categories of e. coli, it was possible to identify 29 cases (6.1%) of enteropathogenic e. coli (epec). of these, 10 (2.1%) were typical epec and 19 (4.0%) atypical epec. in addition, there were 26 cases (5.5%) of enteroaggregative e. coli, 21 cases (4.4%) of enterotoxigenic e. coli, 7 cases (1.4%) of enteroinvasive e. coli (eiec), and 3 cases (0.6%) of enterohemorrhagic e. coli. when comparing the frequencies of diarrheogenic e. coli, epec was the only category for which significant differences were found between diarrhea and control groups. a low frequency of eiec was found, thus eiec cannot be considered to be a potential etiology agent of diarrhea. simultaneous infections with two pathogens were found in 39 diarrhea cases but not in controls, suggesting associations among potential enteropathogens in the etiology of diarrhea. the frequent association of diarrheogenic e. coli strains was significantly higher than the probability of their random association, suggesting the presence of facilitating factor(s).
Validity of abundances derived from spaxel spectra of the MaNGA survey
E. K. Grebel,H. Wei,I. A. Zinchenko,L. S. Pilyugin,P.P. Berczik,V. M. Shulga,Y. A. Nefedyev
- , 2018, DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201732185
Abstract: We measured the emission lines in the spaxel spectra of Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) galaxies in order to determine the abundance distributions therein. It has been suggested that the strength of the low-ionization lines, R2, N2, and S2, may be increased (relative to Balmer lines) in (some) spaxel spectra of the MaNGA survey due to a contribution of the radiation of the diffuse ionized gas. Consequently, the abundances derived from the spaxel spectra through strong-line methods may suffer from large errors. We examined this expectation by comparing the behaviour of the line intensities and the abundances estimated through different calibrations for slit spectra of H II regions in nearby galaxies, for fibre spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and for spaxel spectra of the MaNGA survey. We found that the S2 strength is increased significantly in the fibre and spaxel spectra. The mean enhancement changes with metallicity and can be as large as a factor of ~2. The mean distortion of R2 and N2 is less than a factor of ~1.3. This suggests that Kaufmann et al.’s (2003, MNRAS, 346, 1055) demarcation line between active galactic nuclei and H II regions in the Baldwin, Phillips, & Terlevich (BPT, 1981, PASP, 93, 5) diagram is a useful criterion to reject spectra with significantly distorted strengths of the N2 and R2 lines. We find that the three-dimensional R calibration, which uses the N2 and R2 lines, produces reliable abundances in the MaNGA galaxies. The one-dimensional N2 calibration produces either reliable or wrong abundances depending on whether excitation and N/O abundance ratio in the target region (spaxel) are close to or differ from those parameters in the calibrating points located close to the calibration relation. We then determined abundance distributions within the optical radii in the discs of 47 MaNGA galaxies. The optical radii of the galaxies were estimated from the surface brightness profiles constructed based on the MaNGA observations
Role of renin-angiotensin system in development of heart failure induced by myocardial infarction in rats
Trindade, Daniel C.;Trindade, Raquel C.;Marassi, Michelle P.;Martins, Ornélia P.P.R.;Costa-e-Sousa, Ricardo H.;Mattos, Elisabete C.;Marinho-Jr., Alcides;Reis, Luís C.;Olivares, Emerson L.;
Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências , 2007, DOI: 10.1590/S0001-37652007000200008
Abstract: we investigated the morphologic and functional changes of infarcted rat hearts under a paradigm of angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibition. myocardial infarction was induced by left coronary artery ligation and a control group (sham) underwent sham-operation. infarcted rats received normal drinking water with (cap group) or without (inf group) captopril. functional assessment was performed by electro (ecg) and echocardiogram (echo) just before and 21 days after surgery. the ecg of inf and cap showed similar values and resembled healed infarct after surgery. the most outstanding differences between inf and cap were the prevention of the increase of p-wave and attenuation both in rightward deviation of the qrs axis and q-wave amplitude in cap compared with inf. the echo showed that captopril treatment improved the diastolic filling more than systolic performance. cardiac dilatation and left congestive heart failure were observed only in inf. both infarcted groups showed a scar tissue in the left ventricular wall, but the inf showed a higher scar area than cap (49.7 ± 5.24 vs. 22.33 ± 6.19 respectively). these data suggest that the renin-angiotensin system induces morphologic and functional changes in post-infarcted rat hearts and which can be assessed by non-invasive exams.
The South African Constitution requires men to be feminist
H.P.P. Lótter
Koers : Bulletin for Christian Scholarship , 2000, DOI: 10.4102/koers.v65i4.488
Abstract: Can a man be a feminist? If so, what would it mean? I want to participate in a dialogue between women and men on how to accommodate women's moral concerns. I propose that the fundamental values of justice embodied in the South African constitutional democracy require men to be feminist. These values provide the best safeguard of the important interests and values of both women and men. Men who accept these values can support the main concerns of feminism. The implications of the argument in this article range from public issues to the most private aspects of marriage.
The moral challenge of poverty’s impact on individuals
H.P.P. L？tter
Koers : Bulletin for Christian Scholarship , 2007, DOI: 10.4102/koers.v72i2.202
Abstract: In this article I want to substantiate the claim that poverty presents one of the most urgent moral challenges facing humanity. Poverty violates moral values about what constitutes a minimally decent human life broadly shared throughout the world and especially the standards for human living defined in Christianity. How can such a claim be substantiated? One has to judge the harmful impact of poverty on individuals and show that the moral repugnance of these effects on human beings makes it obligatory that poverty should be high on the agenda of all people. It is shown how devastating these effects of poverty can be for individual human beings and why poverty is such an affront to a person’s dignity. In the light of the consequences poverty has for the dignity of its sufferers, it is judged that Christians have a strong moral responsibility to become involved with the plight of poor people.
Should humans interfere in the lives of elephants?
H.P.P. L？tter
Koers : Bulletin for Christian Scholarship , 2005, DOI: 10.4102/koers.v70i4.292
Abstract: Culling seems to be a cruel method of human interference in the lives of elephants. Culling is generally used to control population numbers of highly developed mammals to protect vegetation and habitat for other species. Many people are against human interference in the lives of elephants. In this article aspects of this highly controversial issue are explored. Three fascinating characteristics of this ethical dilemma are discussed in the introductory part, and then the major arguments raised against human interference in the lives of elephants are evaluated. These arguments are the following: First, that nature should be allowed to run its course and establish its own balance; nature will thus solve the problem of elephant over-population. The second argument raised by animal-rights activists as well as by animal-welfare groups either claim that animals have rights that humans must respect at all times, or that all sentient beings have interests that humans ought to respect, as those beings can experience pleasure or pain. The third argument often associates culling elephants as method for population control with the commercial use and exploitation of wilderness areas. Many people argue that it is unethical to use wildlife as a sustainable resource for fighting poverty. In conclusion it is stated that despite these arguments human
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