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论体育赛事直播画面在著作权法中的保护路径
The Protection Path of Live Sports Event Screens in Copyright Law  [PDF]
李海青
Dispute Settlement (DS) , 2023, DOI: 10.12677/DS.2023.93152
Abstract: 体育赛事直播因受到统一制作标准、对观众需求的满足、符合直播水平要求的拍摄方式等客观因素限制，不具备构成视听作品的可能。近年来的司法实践趋势是错误的，其错误的根本原因在于误解了视听作品独创性的判断标准。体育赛事直播画面不构成视听作品的结论应当较为明晰，不应为了加强保护力度而强行破坏法律概念本身的含义及判断标准。通过著作权保护体育赛事直播画面确实能够解决先前的保护不足问题，但其绝不是治本之策，更会影响到著作权法的基本原理及对其他同类客体的定性。通过广播组织权规制直播相关的侵权行为是广播组织权设立的目的之一，在《著作权法》第三次修订后，应当通过广播组织权中的转播权规制未经许可的网络转播行为，同时也应进一步放宽广播组织权权利主体的限制，使得网播组织获得同等保护。
Due to objective factors such as unified production standards, meeting audience needs, and shooting methods that meet the requirements of live streaming, live streaming of sports events does not have the potential to con-stitute audiovisual works. The trend of judicial practice in recent years is incorrect, and the funda-mental reason lies in the misunderstanding of the criteria for judging the originality of audiovisual works. The conclusion that the live broadcast pictures of sports events do not constitute audiovisual works should be relatively clear, and the criteria of the legal concept itself should not be destroyed by force in order to strengthen protection. Protecting the live broadcast pictures of sports events through copyright can indeed solve the previous problem, but it is not a fundamental solution, it will also affect the basic principles of copyright law and the characterization of other similar objects. One of the purposes of establishing broadcasting organization rights is to regulate infringement re-lated to live broadcasting through broadcasting organization rights. After the third revision of the Copyright Law, unlicensed network broadcasting activities should be regulated through the broad-casting right in broadcasting organization rights. At the same time, the restrictions on the subject of broadcasting organization rights should be further relaxed, so that network broadcasting organiza-tions can receive equal protection.
基于词频的古汉语中的智慧内涵分析
Analysis of Wisdom Connotation in Ancient Chinese Based on Word Frequency  [PDF]
李海青
Modern Linguistics (ML) , 2024, DOI: 10.12677/ml.2024.129838
Abstract: 中国传统文化中蕴含着丰富的智慧文化，传统中国文化对智慧内涵的界定有其鲜明的文化特色。本研究采用定量分析和定性分析相结合的方法，结合语义分析和词频分析的结果，探讨古汉语中智慧的内涵并在此基础上揭示智慧的本质。本研究使用与“智慧”密切相关的词语对古汉语语料库进行检索，构建了古汉语智慧语料库，结合语义分析的结果，对智慧的内涵进行了概念分析。结果发现：(1) 古汉语中的“智慧”是多义词，主要涵盖两方面内容，一种指纯粹的聪明才智，一般作中性词，少数情形下作贬义词；另一种指代德才一体的综合心理素质，作褒义词。(2) 中国先哲的智慧观强调智慧“必仁且智”，其本质是德才一体。(3) 中国先哲对智慧阐释的多样性与其思维的模糊性和汉语的情境性密切相关。综上，古汉语中的“智慧”是一个内涵丰富的概念，中国传统智慧观强调智慧的本质是德才一体。
Traditional Chinese culture is rich in wisdom, and the definition of wisdom in traditional Chinese culture bears distinct cultural characteristics. This study adopts a combined approach of quantitative and qualitative analysis, incorporating the results of semantic analysis and word frequency analysis, to explore the connotations of wisdom in ancient Chinese and, on this basis, reveal the essence of wisdom. By searching an ancient Chinese corpus with words closely related to “wisdom”, a wisdom corpus in ancient Chinese is constructed. Conceptual analysis of the connotations of wisdom is then conducted based on the results of semantic analysis. The findings are as follows: (1) “Wisdom” in ancient Chinese is a polysemous term, primarily encompassing two aspects. One refers to pure intelligence and talent, generally used as a neutral term and occasionally as a pejorative; the other signifies an integrated psychological quality that combines virtue and intelligence, used as a commendatory term. (2) The wisdom concept of Chinese sages emphasizes that wisdom must be both benevolent and intelligent, with its essence lying in the integration of virtue and intelligence. (3) The diversity in the interpretation of wisdom by Chinese sages is closely related to the fuzziness of their thinking and the contextual nature of the Chinese language. In summary, “wisdom” in ancient Chinese is a concept with rich connotations, and the traditional Chinese view of wisdom emphasizes that the essence of wisdom lies in the integration of virtue and intelligence.
基于语义分析法的中式智慧观研究
Research on the Concept of Chinese Wisdom Based on the Method of Semantic and Etymology  [PDF]
李海青
Modern Linguistics (ML) , 2024, DOI: 10.12677/ml.2024.1210872
Abstract: 汉字是一种表意文字，其本身蕴含丰富的文化内涵，作为记载中国先民心理与行为方式及其特点与规律的“活化石”，许多汉字本身折射出相当的心理学意蕴。本研究使用语义分析法对“智”“慧”和“智慧”进行语义分析，结果发现，来自古汉语中文字学和先哲相关言论方面的证据均表明，中国传统文化秉持“德才一体”的智慧观，美德和才能是构成智慧的重要组成成分，真正的智慧必然融美德和才能于一体。即真正的智慧需要有“善”的引导，智慧的本质是德才一体。
Chinese characters are ideograms, inherently rich in cultural connotations. As the “living fossil” that records the psychology, behaviors, characteristics, and patterns of China’s ancestors, many Chinese characters inherently reflect profound psychological implications. This study employs Method of Semantic and Etymology to delve into the meanings of “智” (intelligence), “慧” (virtue), and “智慧” (wisdom). The findings reveal that evidence from the philology of ancient Chinese characters and relevant sayings of ancient sages alike indicate that traditional Chinese culture upholds a wisdom perspective that integrates virtue and intelligence. Both virtue and intelligence are essential components of wisdom, and genuine wisdom inherently combines virtue and intelligence. In other words, genuine wisdom necessitates the guidance of “goodness,” and the essence of wisdom lies in the integrity of virtue and intelligence.
智慧纳建中的人际差序效应
The Differential Mode of Association on Wise Adoption of Suggestions  [PDF]
闵萧, 李海青
Advances in Psychology (AP) , 2023, DOI: 10.12677/AP.2023.137372
Abstract: 当人们面临重大决策事件时，往往通过寻求他人建议做出更加准确的决策。他人建议在形成最终决策过程中起着至关重要的作用。以往研究中，决策者、建议者和建议等因素均会影响个体的建议采纳。此外，我们关注到建议采纳过程中，即使在不乏优质建议的情况下，个体也会因各种因素错失优质建议，产生不明智的建议采纳，进而无法做出更优决策。如人际差序因素，已有研究表明，人们会对不同亲密程度的他人产生不同的道德评价和情绪情感等。因此，本研究提出智慧纳建，并以人际差序为切入点，探讨人际差序与智慧纳建之间的关联。助力人们在面临问题时做出更优决策，即为后续智慧纳建干预、提高智慧纳建水平提供参考。
When faced with major decision-making events, people often seek advice from others to make more accurate decisions. Other people’s suggestions play a crucial role in shaping the final deci-sion-making process. In previous studies, factors such as decision-makers, proponents, and sug-gestions have all influenced individual recommendation adoption. In addition, we are concerned that in the process of recommendation adoption, even when there is no shortage of high-quality advice, individuals may miss high-quality advice due to various factors, resulting in unwise recommendation adoption, and thus unable to make better decisions. For example, research has shown that people have different moral evaluations, emotions, memory levels, and sense of responsibility for others with different levels of intimacy. Therefore, this study proposes intelligent inclusion, and explores the relationship between interpersonal disparity and intelligent inclusion using interpersonal disparity as a starting point, helping people make better decisions when faced with problems, that is, providing reference for subsequent smart inclusion intervention and improving the level of smart inclusion.
基于多线索的目标跟踪
张海青,李厚强
中国图象图形学报 , 2008, DOI: 10.11834/jig.20081121
Abstract: 通过对人眼跟踪机制的研究，提出了一种新的基于多线索的目标跟踪方法。该方法采用串行结构处理多个视觉线索，首先按近邻原则产生若干候选目标，然后使用不同线索按优先级顺序逐次对候选目标进行筛选，得到的唯一候选目标再经过校正以获得更为准确的跟踪结果。该方法最大的特点是跟踪系统对环境和场景的变化有很强的自组织和自适应能力，系统内多个线索在跟踪过程中的竞争与协同使得跟踪具有强大的适应力和生命力。实验结果表明，该方法显著地提高了跟踪的鲁棒性和准确性。
基于蒙特卡罗方法的目标跟踪
张海青,李厚强
中国图象图形学报 , 2008, DOI: 10.11834/jig.20080516
Abstract: 为了更鲁棒和快速地进行目标跟踪，在基于粒子滤波的目标跟踪方法的启发下，提出了一种新的基于蒙特卡罗方法的目标跟踪方法。该方法首先运用蒙特卡罗技术对下一帧目标可能出现的位置和尺度进行抽样；然后计算各抽样与参考目标的相似度；最后通过估计目标状态来获得跟踪目标。实验表明，该方法无需目标运动信息，特别适用于目标灵活运动时的跟踪，与现有的算法相比，不仅算法实现简单，同时有较好的鲁棒性和通用性。
运营早期沥青混凝土路面表层透水状况
李海青,高　璇,杨建国
长安大学学报(自然科学版) , 2013,
Abstract: 为了解运营早期沥青混凝土路面透水状况，及时发现隐性病害，改进了室内渗水试验方法，采用ＡＣ？２０型和ＡＭ？２０型混合料成型目标空隙率分别为４％、６％、８％、１０％、１２％和１４％的车辙板试件。通过车辙板渗水试验和碘钨灯照射试验，研究了沥青混凝土路面空隙率与透水性、沥青混凝土路面表面温度与透水性之间的相关性，并通过工程实例应用，验证了这种相关性。研究结果表明除太阳辐射、集料岩性、周围环境等自然因素外，沥青混合料的空隙率成为雨后天晴条件下影响路表温度最主要的因素之一；车辙板试件的渗水系数随空隙率增大而呈线性增加，当空隙率大于９％时，渗水系数出现急剧增大；不同饱水量车辙板试件经碘钨灯照射后的温差，与照射时间之间呈现出先增加，然后逐渐减小并逐步趋于零的变化规律。可为沥青混凝土路面隐性病害研究提供借鉴，也为预防性养护时机的确定提供决策依据。
匹配机械弹性车轮的汽车稳定性分析
李海青,赵又群
- , 2019, DOI: 10.11918/j.issn.0367-6234.201802058
Abstract: 为深入研究匹配机械弹性车轮（MEW）的某越野车的横摆与侧翻稳定性,利用刷子理论模型,建立MEW纵滑与侧偏理论模型；利用平板式轮胎力学特性试验台分别对MEW和普通子午线充气轮胎进行了对比试验,验证了理论模型的正确性. 以横摆角速度和预测载荷转移率（PLTR）分别作为横摆稳定性和侧翻稳定性的评价指标,并建立匹配MEW的整车非线性Carsim仿真模型,基于相平面分析方法研究MEW侧偏力学特性对汽车横摆与侧翻稳定性的具体影响规律. 结果表明:MEW与子午线充气轮胎侧偏特性曲线的变化趋势基本一致,侧向力峰值基本相同,但MEW的侧偏刚度较大,匹配MEW的整车侧翻稳定性较好,横摆稳定性较差；增大MEW的侧向力峰值的同时适当减小侧偏刚度值,可以提高匹配MEW汽车的横摆与侧翻稳定性. 研究结果可为车轮侧偏性能的改进及车轮结构优化提供相应的理论依据.
To analyze the yaw and rollover stability of an off-road vehicle with mechanical elastic wheel (MEW), based on the brush tire model, a corrected steady-state combined longitudinal-slip and cornering brush models of MEW is set up. The flat-bed test rig of tire mechanical properties is used to conduct the steady-state longitudinal-slip and cornering characteristics experiment of the MEW and pneumatic tire, respectively, and the mechanical properties of MEW are analyzed based on the experiment results. Then, a nonlinear off-road vehicle simulation model with MEW is established to evaluate the yaw and rollover stability based on Carsim, which utilizes yaw rate and predictive load transfer ratio (PLTR) as the yaw and rollover index respectively. The cornering properties of MEW to yaw and rollover stability are analyzed based on phase-plane. Compared analysis of the cornering characteristics of pneumatic tire and MEW are done and the results show that the changed trend of cornering characteristic curve and the peak value of lateral force are almost the same, but the cornering stiffness of MEW is bigger and the vehicle with MEW has a good stability of rollover but yaw, furthermore, as peak value of lateral force increases and lateral stiffness decreases properly, the vehicle can achieve a better stability of yaw and rollover. The above simulations will be useful for the improvement and optimization of cornering performance and structure parameters of MEW.
颈椎体内运动的生物力学研究
毛海青,钟伟业,李国安
- , 2016, DOI: 10.3871/j.1004-7220.2016.01.83
Abstract: 由于技术水平的限制，传统的体外生物力学研究方法无法完全模拟人体内真实环境。颈椎体内运动的生物力学研究利用先进的影像技术和检测方法，能够直接观测体内颈椎的运动状态，所获得的数据更接近真实情况，对临床具有重要的参考价值和指导意义。介绍颈椎体内运动的生物力学研究方法、发展过程及目前颈椎体内运动的研究现状，分析颈椎融合手术和颈椎间盘置换术后颈椎运动的改变以及手术对邻近节段的影响，并对今后的发展方向进行探讨。
The traditional method of in vitro biomechanical study cannot simulate the realistic environment in human body due to the limitation of in vitro technology. Using advanced imaging techniques and testing methods, in vivo biomechanical studies of cervical spine kinematics can directly observe the cervical spine motion of living subjects. The data obtain repeats physiological situations and has important implications for improvement in clinical practice. In this paper, the biomechanical research methods of cervical spine kinematics, as well as the development process and current status were reviewed. The postoperative changes in cervical spine kinematics and the effects on adjacent segments following cervical spine fusion and cervical disc arthroplasty surgery were analyzed. The future developments in cervical spine research were also discussed.
大学生良心内隐结构五因素模型的建构
The Construction of Five-Factor Model of College Students’ Implicit Structure of Conscience  [PDF]
李海青, 杨小钧
Advances in Education (AE) , 2024, DOI: 10.12677/ae.2024.1491761
Abstract: 为了探讨当代大学生良心内隐结构，采用广义的实验社会心理学方法进行研究。首先，采用字词联想法收集数据，370名大学生以“良心”为靶子词进行自由联想，选出前60个高频词语作为分析单位，60名大学生对其进行项目分类后，得到良心的5个高阶簇。另请600名大学生对60个良心特征词组成的项目问卷进行评价，探索性因素分析、系统聚类分析和验证性因素分析的结果表明，大学生良心内隐结构包含5个因素：爱人、明智、进取、义举和责任。大学生良心内隐结构的五因素模型体现出典型的中国文化特色，该模型的建构将有助于促进良心道德教育的开展。
To explore the implicit structure of conscience among contemporary college students, a generalized experimental social psychology method was employed. First, the word association method was used to collect data, where 370 college students freely associated words with “conscience” as the target word. The top 60 high-frequency words were selected as the units of analysis. Subsequently, 60 college students categorized these items, resulting in five high-order clusters of conscience. Another 600 college students were invited to evaluate the item questionnaire composed of these 60 conscience characteristic words. The results of exploratory factor analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the implicit structure of conscience among college students comprises five factors: loving, wisdom, progressiveness, righteous deeds, and responsibility. The five-factor model of the implicit structure of conscience among college students reflects typical Chinese cultural characteristics, and the construction of this model will contribute to advancing the implementation of conscience and moral education.
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